Chemical bonding energy-resolved

Raman spectra are specific fingerprints for individual chemical species. Clear assignments can often be made if several species are present. The Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities are compared for the determination of the vibrational population ratios and vibrational energy flow on a time-resolved basis. Isotopic Raman spectra provide information on normal modes, geometry, and chemical bonding. Molecular distortions due to solvation changes can sometimes be observed in lineshape and position changes. 

Comparison of K and L, absorption spectra (cf. fig. 6a), which both involve s-p transitions, demonstrates similar smooth variations of the absorption coefficient with energy. In the L, spectrum, however, fine structures can be resolved much more clearly than in the K spectrum F = 14 eV), due to the considerably smaller total width of the L, core hole (= 5eV). The spectral shape of the L, spectra in all lanthanide metals exhibits a stair-case-like rise of the absorption at threshold. A weak minimum is located at about 20 eV above the onset (figs. 6a). The fine structure of the L, spectra reflects sensitively local s- and p-type band states and their modifications through different types of chemical bonding or crystal symmetries (Lengeler and Zeller 1984). 

In various models deahng with the reaction mechanism of mechanochemical reactions, it was often arbitrarily assumed that the hydrolysis of ATP precedes the mechanochemical work. This is mostly based on the intuitive view that the chemical energy is first derived from ATP and then is transformed to the mechanical energy. However, this is a concept obtained from the macroscopic view of the overaU reaction, and hence, it may not be very useful for resolving the sequences of events occurring as the partial reactions. Furthermore, it was rather difficult to visualize the mechanism in which the energy derived from the hydrolysis of a chemical bond at the active site of an enzyme is conserved and then subsequently transformed. 

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