Checkland

Checkland P., 1991. Systems thinking, systems practice, John Wiley Sons, Chichester. 

P. Checkland and J. Scholes, Soft Systems Methodology in Action, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 1990, p.36. 

Peter Checkland, Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. New York John Wiley Sons, 1981. A classic on how to define messy problems. Use their CATWOE criteria. 

Checkland, P. (2000). Soft systems methodology A thirty year retrospective. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 17, S11-S58. doi 10,1002/1099-1743(200011) - http //citeseerxist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ download doi=10.1.1.133.7381 rep=repl type=pdf... 

The link between control mechanisms studied in natural systems and those engineered in man-made systems was provided by a part of systems theory known as cybernetics. Checkland writes ... 

Note Checkland s statement about control always being associated with the imposition of constraints. Imposing safety constraints plays a fundamental role in the approach to safety presented in this book. The limited focus on avoiding failures, which is common in safety engineering today, is replaced by the larger concept of imposing constraints on system behavior to avoid unsafe events or conditions, that is, hazards. 

Checkland, P.B. Scholes, J. 1990. Sojt Systems Methodology in Action. Chichesten John Wiley Sons Ltd. 

Checkland, P.B. Holwell, S. 1998. Information, Systems arui Information Systems making sense of the field. Chichester John Wiley Sons Ltd. 

Checkland, P.M. 1981. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester Wiley. 

QOF was implemented in a context where guidelines and electronic medical records had increasingly been part of the landscape (Checkland 2004). Furthermore, in contrast to the surgeons we studied, GPs are generalists whose... 

Checkland, K. 2004. National Service Frameworks and UK general practitioners Street-level bureaucrats at work Sociology of Health Illness, 26(7), 951-75. 

The recycling of plastics waste is thought to be ideal for handling the separation of plastics from mixed waste and the problems of solid waste. It is also argued that today, plastics waste is needed more than ever as petroleum resources are being overwhelmed by demand. In Checkland s words, the management of plastics waste is the use of a particular set of ideas, systems ideas, in trying to understand the world s complexity [6]. 

Checkland, who for many years has been one of the leading figures in systems thinking, wrote about the boundary between a system and its environment as ... 

In terms of defining the boundary between a system and its environment - following Checkland s recommendation - and remembering that the environment can be described as the net effects of the performances of a number of other systems. Table 6.1 provides some practical hints. 

Uncertainty in everyday use denotes unknown factors that influence the outcomes of observed developments. To analyse these more efficiently, one needs to consider several fimdamentally different types of imcertainty (Waldrop, 1992), (Checkland, 1984), (Bhatnagar and Kanal, 1991). 

Checkland (Checkland, 1984) supports the idea of a 9 level hierarchy of real world complexity ... 

Essential complexity, as named, is in the essence of the system. It is an inherent part of a system and cannot be eliminated, instead only minimised. Accidental complexity is not the natural attribute of the system, but is a consequence of an accident. This type of complexity can be eliminated. The following systems analysis methodologies are suggested (Checkland, 1984), (Waring, 1996), (Blanchard and Fabrycky, 1998) ... 

Checkland Scholes 90] Checkland P Scholes J "Soft Systems Methodology in Action" Wiley, 1990... 

---