Charge-coupled device dynamic range

Alongside improvements in synchrotron sources, X-ray detectors have improved enormously. Up to the early 1990s X-ray film was the detector of choice at synchrotrons because of its high spatial resolution, despite its poor efficiency and low dynamic range. Imaging plate and charge coupled device (CCD) detectors swept film aside in the early-to-mid 1990s. 

These Initial Investigations of the charge Injection device have Indicated that the device promises to be a successful detector for simultaneous multielement analysis In atomic emission spectrometry. The unique non-destructive readout, coupled with selective knockdown and pseudo-random addressing give the CID system capabilities unparalleled in any other detector available today. The device has been shown to have at least an adequate sensitivity, can be operated in a manner which reduces pixel cross talk, and the dynamic range of the system can be extended to virtually any desired level. 

We have focused ou PMTs as detectors, but we note here the growing usefulness of cluage-coupled devices (CCDs) in fluorescence spectroscopy. CCDs are imaging detectors with remarkable sensitivity and linear dynamic range. CCDs typically contain aboirt 500,000 pixels, but versions with more than 10 pixels are available. Each pixel acts as rut acrnrmulating detector, that is, charge accumulates in... 

Here we attempt to relate the dynamic processes, measured by time correlation functions, to their characteristic timescales in the temperature range 300-600 K, relevant to organic electronic devices operation and fabrication. It is worth mentioning that in such applications, beyond the stmctiunl dynamics treated here, the timescales associated with charge or exciton dynamics are also very important, in particular for assessing the coupling between electron and nuclear dynamics. 

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