Chain structure continued chains, estimating

The new model can immediately rationalize the differences in reinforcing activity exhibited by some very similar types of CB, discussed earlier. Especially because of the recent results, indicating no significant difference in surface activity and fractal character of their structure. Modern, very sophisticated methods for estimations of both types of surface parameters describe the surface at sub-nanolevel. So one cannot see primary particle space configurations (responsible for differences) in relief of aggregates (e.g., macropores). In simple terms, if the macropores are of appropriate shape and size, for example, very shallow with flat bottom, concentration in the local internal field domain will be much lower. The external forces transferred by the network continuity from the bulk can in this case much easily draw out the dominant amount of chains from macropore connections decrease in the local layer. 

Fig. 3 Sticky-ended cohesion, (a) Cohesion between two molecular overhangs. Two duplex molecules are shown (top). Each has a single-stranded molecular overhang that is complementary to the overhang on the other molecule. When mixed, the two molecules can cohere in solution (center). The four strands can be ligated to form two strands from the original four (bottom). (b) Structural features of stick-ended cohesion. A crystal structure [4] is shown that contains DNA decamers whose cohesion in the direction of the helix axis (horizontal) is directed by dinucleotide sticky ends. This interaction is seen readily In the center box, where the continuity of the chains is interrupted by gaps caused by the absence of phosphate linkages. The two outer boxes contain B-form duplex DNA. It is a half-turn away from the DNA in the center box, so it is upside-down from it, but otherwise the structure is the same. Thus, sticky ends cohere to form B-DNA, and one can use this information in a predictive fashion to estimate the local structures of DNA constructs held together by sticky ends...

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