Central nervous system viral replication

NO has complex roles in immunological host responses against viruses, and especially against HIV-1 infection. In HIV-1 infection, NO cannot be rigidly classified as an anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory molecule, but it can be deemed a true inflammatory mediator. Many studies support a proviral effect of NO in HIV-1 infection, mainly based on stimulation of viral replication, and on toxic effects on various cells, including central nervous system cells, via oxidative injury that may cause cellular and organ dysfunction, and immunosuppression and immunopathology, especially in the central nervous system. 

Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, and multi-organ failure. Evidence that the clinical spectrum of human H5N1 infections is not restricted to pulmonary symptoms was provided by a reported case of possible central nervous system involvement in a Vietnamese boy who presented with diarrhea, followed by coma and death. Influenza H5N1 virus was isolated from throat, rectal, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens, suggesting widely disseminated viral replication. 

Inoculation of these mice with poliovirus resulted in viral replication in the central nervous system and in the development of a disease analogous to paralytic poliomyelitis. 

Microfluidic systems are promising platforms for fundamental biological studies such as hepatitis B viral replication [35] axonal injury, regeneration and transport in the central nervous system (CNS) [36] or the control of biochemical and biomechanical forces to evaluate and quantify capillary growth and endothelial... 

Lipton HL, Kumar AS, Trottier M (2005) Theiler s vims persistence in the central nervous system of mice is associated with continuous viral replication and a difference in outcome of infection of infiltrating macrophages versus oligodendrocytes. Vims Res 111 214—223... 

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