Cellulase solani

Table I. Cellulase (Cotton-Solubilizing) Activity of Ci, Cx, and / -Glucosidase of T. koningii and F. solani> when Acting Alone and in Combination0...

In the same context, results from cotton vary, too. Halliwell and Griffin (9), for example, report that cotton was solubilized to the extent of 20% by a Ci component from T. koningii cellulase, despite the fact that it was free from contaminating Cx (CM-cellulose) activity. Since this compares with a value of between 2 and 4% for the Ci components of F. solani, T. koningii, and P. funiculosum isolated in our laboratory, it seems reasonable to assume that there is some fundamental difference between the two components, bearing in mind that the substrates used in both studies were identical, as far as one can ascertain. 

Table III. Cellulase (Cotton-Solubilizing) Activity of the Ci Component of F. solani Separated by Isoelectric Focusing, when Recombined with Cx and / -Glucosidase"...

Figure 6. Isoelectric focusing of the Ci component of F. solani cellulase in an ampholyte solution covering the pH range 4.6-5.1 in an LKB 110-mL column. The C. component used was that which was eluted from a DEAE-Sephadex column as a single component (12). Activity to HsP04-swollen cellulose (- A activity to Avicel with CL and /3-glucosidase added to show synergistic activity (- O -) pH gradient (- -). From...

If the mechanism of cellulase action can be explained simply in terms of sequential action of endo- and exoglucanases, it is logical to expect that Ci from one cellulase preparation should act synergistically with Cx from another, at least in those enzyme systems from which both Cx and Ci have been isolated. Synergism between Ci of P. funiculosum and Cx of T. viride has already been demonstrated (22), and the results in Table V show that "cross-synergism of this type is shown by many different mixtures of the Ci and Cx components of F. solani, T, koningii, and P. funiculosum cellulases. In each case, a marked potentiation in activity is observed. 

All assays (21) contained C 180 / g protein, 1000 units of Cx (CM-cellulose) activity (26), and 100 units of /3-glucosidase where necessary, /3-glucosidase isolated from the cellulase of F. solani (21) was added. The a-celluloses were the residues left after delignification and extraction with 18% (w/v) NaOH of oat straw, birch wood, and ryegrass. 

Many fungi are capable of producing extracellular enzymes that can degrade cellulose. They are Trichoderma (T) reesei, T. viride, T. koningii, T. lignorum, Penicillium funiculosum, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and so on. Bacterial species such as Cellulomonas along with Clostridium thermocellum can also produce cellulases (Marsden and Gray, 1986). 

Two years later Selby and Maitland (17) resolved the T. viride system into three components which they called Ci, CM-cellulase, and cellobiase. The principal advance was the purification of the Ci to the point that it had little effect on cotton. This permitted a large increase in total solubilization as the result of recombination of individually ineffective components. In a similar fashion in 1969 Wood (54) reported resolution of the Fusarium solani complex into three components which he called Ci, Cx, and / -glucosidase. 

The release of cell-bound cellulase from mycelia of Rhizoctonia solani can be achieved, to various degrees, with salts and detergents, etc., although the enzyme was inactivated when sodium dodecyl sulphate was used. ... 

The isolation, morphology, and nutritional characteristics of a cellulolytic pythiaceous fungus (Pythium sp.) have been described. The function of cellulolytic enzymes in the invasion of soybeans by Rhizobium japonicum has been investigated. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of cellulase by Rhizoctania solani have been sought to determine at what stage the enzyme appears. ... 

---