Cellular glass thermal insulation

ASTM C 552-88 Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation, 4 pp (DOD Adopted) (FSC 5640) (YD) (Comm C-16)... 

Rigid cellular glass Thermal-aluminum insulation rings Expanded polystyrene... 

Primarily, the solid types of insulation considered were glass fiber Type A , glass fiber Type "B , rigid cellular glass, thermal-aluminum insulating rings, and expanded polystyrene. 

Thermal insulators comprise an equally broad range of materials. Such inorganics as mineral fibers, magnesia, aluminum silicate, cellulose, and glass fibers are widely used for steam and hot-water pipes, furnaces, and blown-in home insulation. Organic products that are effective include plastic foams (polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene) and cellular rubber. There are a number of materials that may be called double insulators, since they have both electrical and thermal insulating properties,... 

Polyurethane, PVC, and extruded polystyrene provide the bulk of the cellular plastics used for low and cryogenic temperature appHcations. In some cases, eg, the insulation of Hquid hydrogen tanks on space systems, foams have been reinforced with continuous glass fibers throughout the matrix. This improves strength without affecting thermal performance significantly. 

Air is a unique case, as it is the only gaseous material in actual use as an insulator. Its dielectric constant is 1.0058, far less than that of any other dielectric material, and it has low thermal conductivity as well. It is particularly effective when trapped within a solid network, as in wool, cellular plastics, or glass fibers, or as an interlayer between wall panels. 

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