Cellobiose formula

Cellobiose Octanitrate of Fleury et al. It is claimed that it is /3 cellobiose octanitrate and its structural formula is ... 

Two sugars can link to each other by losing water from OHs to form disaccharides. Figure 4.6 shows the Haworth projection formulas of four important disaccharides sucrose, lactose, maltose, and cellobiose, which all have the same molecular formulas, C12H22011. Sucrose and lactose are the most abundant and most important disaccharides of natural origin. Maltose and cellobiose are repeating units of polymeric starch and cellulose, respectively. Disaccharides may hydrolyze to form two monosaccharide molecules. 

Disaccharides are formed by the union of two monosaccharides with the loss of one molecule of water. Disaccharides include lactose, cellobiose, maltose, and sucrose. The molecular formula for sucrose is as follows ... 

Note that, in the conformational formula for cellobiose, one ring oxygen is drawn to the rear and one to the front of the molecule. This is the way the rings exist in the cellulose chain. 

Cellulose is a carbohydrate, the structure of which may be deduced as follows. The molecular formula of cellulose is (C6HioOs)n, where n is a few thousand (see later). Hydrolysis of cellulose by boiling with concentrated hydrochloric acid yields D-glucose (II) in 95-96% yield. Thus cellulose is a polyanhydroglucose. When cellulose is subjected to acetolysis (i.e., simultaneous acetylation and hydrolysis) by treatment with a mixture of acetic anhydride and concentrated sulphuric acid, cellobiose octa-acetate is formed. Thus the structure of cellulose is based on the cellobiose unit. Cellobiose is known to be the disaccharide, 4-0-j3-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose (III). Finally, very careful acetolysis of cellulose produces a cellotriose, a ceUotetraose and a cellopentaose and in each of these all the 1,4-links have been shown to be j3-links (from calculations of the... 

Cellulose occurs in plants, usually associated with other structural substances (lignin). The cotton fiber and related fibers are almost pure cellulose (seminal threads of the Gossypium species). Industrial cellulose is usually obtained from wood and purified in various ways, i.e. it is freed from lignin and other contaminants. In cellulose, the glucose units are linked between C-1 and C-4 by /3-glycoside bonds. The simplest component is therefore cellobiose (see formula below). Native cellulose consists of several thousand (in cotton about 1500) cellobiose units. 

The macromolecular nature of cellulose was proposed by Staudinger in 1920. Today it is generally accepted that cellulose occurs in nature as an unbranched macromolecule with structural formula (1). The values of x (number of cellobiose units) range as high as 2000-2500. The molecular... 

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