Cell penetrating peptide cargoes

Hallbrink M, Floren A, Elmquist A, et al. Cargo delivery kinetics of cell-penetrating peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001 1515 101-109. 

Synthesis of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Cargo Delivery... 

Fig. 1. Different strategies of coupling cargoes to cell-penetrating peptides. (I) Non-covalent coupling by electrostatic interactions (A) (44,46), specific pairing of nucleotides (B) (39,48), biotin-avidin interaction (C) (37,66) or mixed-type interactions (D) (26). (II) Covalent coupling by connecting CPP and cargo molecule into a continuous chain (E) (36), forming a disulfide bond (F) (49,56) or chemical crosslinking (G) (37,57).

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can internalize into cells without disturbing the membrane potential and, therefore, are an attractive research target for drug delivery. These peptides are also short, cationic, and usually amphiphilic, and are able to bring a functional cargo into the cell [24, 31-33], There is no mechanism unanimously agreed upon,... 

Figure 7.7-3. Cell penetrating peptides, CPPs. Suggested uptake mechanisms for CPPs and examples of delivered cargoes. (A) CPP and peptide in single amino acid chain. (B) Oligo-deoxynucleotides either in complex or covalently linked. (C) Plasmid in complex by electrostatic interaction. (D) Protein either as fusion protein or in complex with CPP. (E) siRNA, covalently linked or as complex. (With permission from Ref. 54.)...

Zorko M, Langel U. Cell-penetrating peptides mechanism and kinetics of cargo delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005 57 529-545. 

The cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also called protein transduction domains, were discovered in 1988 almost simultaneously by two research teams. However, interest in CPPs began only in 1994, when it was found that the HIV-l-trans-activating protein (Tat protein) can be covalently attached to very different cargoes, such as low molecular weight compounds, peptides, " " proteins, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides, " nucleic... 

Chugh, A., Amundsen, E., Eudes, E, 2009. Translocation of cell-penetrating peptides and delivery of their cargoes in triticale microspores. Plant Cell Rep. 28 (5), 801-810. 

Wang, R, Wang, Y, Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Guo, S., Jin, F., 2014. Recent progress of cell-penetrating peptides as new carriers for intracellular cargo delivery. J. Control. Release 174, 126-136. 

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are small peptides that have the abihty to enter cells on their own or together with cargoes independently of the membrane receptor (Regberg et al., 2012). A great number of CPP-conjugated therapies comprise a strong clinical promise (Bolhassani, 2011). 

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