Cell gels interaction with

In an independent study, in vitro gel mobility shift assays showed that MafG was present in a nuclear protein complex from CHO cells that interacted with an ARE-like enhancer in the mouse Ho-1 gene, designated the StRE. In transfection experiments, overexpression of MafK DN was shown to block activity of this enhancer in response to cobalt (72). Although overexpression of MafK DN may have sequestered Nrf2 away from the StRE, these data alone were not sufficient to demonstrate a direct role for small Maf in transcriptional activation of Ho-1 gene. The only evidence of small Maf proteins participating in transcriptional activation is when they act in concert with p45 NF-E2 (56,66,67,73). 

Polymers used in bioprinting must be characterized well to analyze batch-to-batch variations that could have a big impact on the properties of a prospective bioink for 3D printing. Both the chemical and physical characteristics of the polymers can have a large influence on the rheological and mechanical behavior as well as on how cells will interact with the material. To assess the chemical composition of the polymers, infrared (IR), NMR, mass spectroscopy (MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) are the most commonly used techniques. 

Wang et al.2 and Najafpour et al.3A worked with immobilised microbial cells of Nitrobacer agilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in gel beads, respectively. They found separately that the cells retained more than 90% of their activity after immobilisation by using specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) [mg 02g 1 (dry biomass) h 11 as the biomass activity indicator. Such differences in immobilised biomass and activity between free and immobilised biomass activities depend strongly on the particular characteristics of the microbial systems and their interaction with the support matrix. 

We have utilized thermoresponsive properties of PIPAAm and its gels as on-off switches for drug release [6,7], chromatography systems [9-11], and attachment/detachment of cells [12-14] (Scheme 1). Hydrophobic chains of collapsed PIPAAm above its LCST interact with cells and proteins. Although below the LCST, PIPAAms are highly hydrated flexible chains and... 

Gottschalk, 1., Li, Y. M., Lundahl, P. Chromatography on cells analyses of solute interactions with the glucose transporter Glutl in human red cells adsorbed on lectin-gel beads. 

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