Cell functional effects

Effects of Methyldiphenyltin Chloride (MDPTC) on Human NK Cell Function Effects on Lytic Function... 

Smialowicz RJ, Luebke RW, Rogers RR, et al. 1985. Manganese chloride enhances natural cell-mediated immune effector cell function Effects on macrophages. Immunopharmacology 9 1-11. 

There should be specific, saturable binding to the receptor, accompanied by pharmacological characteristics appropriate to the functional effects, demonstrable using a radioactive, eg, tritium or iodine-125, ligand to label the receptor. Radioligand binding assays (1,6) have become a significant means by which to identify and characterize receptors and enzymes (see Immunoassays Radioactive tracers). Isolation of the receptor or expression of the receptor in another cell, eg, an oocyte can be used to confirm the existence of a discrete entity. 

PBP Mol wt Number per cell (%) Proposed in vitro functions Effects of inactivation... 

Operational model, devised and published by James Black and Paul Leff (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. 220,141-162, 1983), this model uses experimental observation to describe the production of a physiological response by an agonist in general terms. It defines affinity and the ability of a drug to induce a response as a value of x, which is a term describing the system (receptor density and efficiency of the cell to convert an activated receptor stimulus into a response) and the agonist (efficacy). It has provided a major advance in the description of functional effects of drugs see Chapter 3.6 for further discussion. 

The antimetabolites interfere with various metabolic functions of cells, thereby disrupting normal cell functions. They inactivate enzymes or alter the structure of DNA, changing the DNA s ability to replicate These drag are most effective in the treatment of rapidly dividing neoplastic cells. Examples of the antimetabolites include methotrexate and fluorouracil (Adrucil). 

Studies of the effects of in vitro exposure to a range of concentrations (encompassing environmentally relevant concentrations of monobutyltin, dibutyltin, and tributyltin) on human natural killer lymphocytes obtained from adult male and female donors revealed the presence of detectable concentrations of the butyltins in all the donors, indicating possible exposure of natural killer cells to butyltins in the blood. It was suggested that the study provided evidence that butyltin compounds significantly inhibit natural killer cell function and possible natural killer cell-mediated potential in humans (Whalen etal, 1999). 

Weber LM, Hayda KN, Haskins K et al (2007) The effects of cell-matrix interactions on encapsulated beta-cell function within hydrogels functionalized with matrix-derived adhesive... 

MIDDLETON E J and KANDASHWAMi c (1992) Effects of flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell function. Biochemical Pharmacology 43, 1167-79. 

Chapin RE, Phelps JL, Burka LT, et al. 1991. The effects of tri-ozt/zo-cresyl phosphate and metabolites on rat Sertoli cell function in primary culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 108 194-208. 

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