Cell biology applications

Nagai, T., Ibata, K., Park, E. S., Kubota, M., Mikoshiba, K. and Miyawaki, A. (2002). A variant of yellow fluorescent protein with fast and efficient maturation for cell-biological applications. Nat. Biotechnol. 

Matsumoto, B., Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy Academic... 

The strain most widely used tor toxin production is S. aureus Wood 46. Note that the presence of proteases may give rise to proteolytic cleavage of alpha-toxin, which results in altered pore-forming activity (Palmer et al., 1993). Moreover, proteolytic activity contaminating the final toxin preparation may interfere with cell-biological experiments. Per liter of culture, the following protocol typically yields 20 mg of alpha-toxin suitable for cell-biological applications with a strain available from this laboratory. 

B. Matsumoto, Ed., in Cell biological applications of confocal microscopy, Academic, New York, 1993. 

Matsumoto, B., ed. 2002. Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 70 Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy. Academic Press. 

The only down sides of cooled CCD cameras have been their relatively slow read-out rate (typically 0.5-1.0 million pixels/sec) and their relatively high cost. For most cell biological applications, the slow read-out rate is not a consideration. For example, in most immunofluorescence applications the camera exposure time is longer than the camera read-out time (typical exposure times of 1-10 sec versus read-out times of 1-2 sec). Cooled CCD camera read-out rates have been entirely adequate for our time-resolved, two-component, three-dimensional recordings of the short mitoses of Drosophila early embryos (Paddy et ai, 1996). However, researchers following very rapid cell phenomena in situ. 

Kino, G. S. (1989). Intermediate optics in Nipkow disk microscopes. In The Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy (J. Pawley, ed.), 1st ed., pp 105-126. IMR Press, Madison, WI. Matsumoto, B. (1993). Cell biological applications of confocal microscopy. Methods Cell Biol. 38, 1-380. 

Wu RZ, Bailey SN, Sabatini DM (2002) Cell-biological applications of transfecled-cell miaoanays. Trends Cell Biol 12(10) 485—488... 

Surface-chemical patterns are often useful in sensor, diagnostic, or cell-biological applications, and there are many ways to create them. We found that one very flexible method was — by means of standard photolithography — to create a platform pattern of the right geometry based on two oxides with different adsorption chemistries (such as titania and silica), and then to use complementary adsorbates (such as PLL-g-PEG and alkylphosphates) to create the desired pattern in chemical functionality. In our paper (4.11), we describe the process, termed selective molecular assembly patterning or SMAP, and show how proteins can then be readily patterned on such a surface, and used, in turn as a template for the patterning of cells. 

Subramaniam, V., A. K. Kirsch and T. M. lovin (1998). "Cell biological applications of scanning near-field optical microscopy (snom)." Cell M>/ Biol (Noisy-le-g/rand) 44(5) 689-700. 

As has long been practiced in various cell biology applications (23 - 25) gold nanoparticles can be delivered into live cells (see also Experimental section). Figure 3 illustrates the basic concept of intracellular SERS probes. Large nanoparticle aggregates can easily be visualized by standard bright field microscopy inside the cells, here, in the lysosomal structures of a fibroblast cell. 

Staining Applications Nucleic acidsp cells Biological Applications Nucleic acid hybridization detecting nucleic acidsp cells nucleic acid fingerprinting nucleic acid fragment sizing nucleic acid amplification ... 

Staining Applications Calcium ions cadmium ions iron ions lanthanum ions zinc ions cells Biological Applications Calcium indicator cadmium indicator iron indicat or lanthanum indicator zinc indicator identifying taste modulators Industrial Applications Not reported Safety/Toxicity DNA damage hepatotoxicity ... 

Staining Applications Sodium ions cells Biological Applications Sodium indicator identifying genes monitoring cellular processes -chan-... 

Staining Applications Mitochondria cells Biological Applications Detecting mitochondrial membrane potential apoptosis assays multi-drug resistance assays ... 

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