Single-atom cavity effects

We should remark that, in order to observe genuine spontaneous effects in these single atom cavity experiments it is important to control the blackbody field and to reduce the number of thermal photons in the mode well below unity (k3X/h uigf < I), which requires very low temperatures. If this condition is not fulfilled, one observes the oscillations of the atomic system in the random thermal field, which also present interesting features. A discussion of these effects, along with the effect of quantum collapse and revivals of Rabi nutation in an applied coherent field can be found in re-... 

Cavity QED has led to many new effects, including the realization of a quantmn phase gate (Turchette et al. 1995), the creation of Fock states of the radiation field (Varcoe et al. 2000), and a demonstration of quantum nondemolition detection of single photons (Nogues et al. 1999). Ye et al. (1999) have noted that all serious schemes for quantum computation and communication via cavity QED rely on developing techniques for atom confinement. This explains the importance of the experiments on the trapping of single atoms under conditions of cavity QED. 

Gould, P. I., Ruff, G.A., and Pritchard, D. E. (1986). Diffraction of atoms by light the near-resonant Kapitza-Dirac effect. Physical Review Letters, 56, 827-830. Goy, P., Raimond, J. M., Gross, M., and Haroche, S. (1983). Observation of cavity-enhanced single-atom spontaneous emission. Physical Review Letters, 50, 1903-1906. 

X-ray studies showed that all the complexes listed in Table 4 are crystalline and displayed the diffraction patterns as predicted from the molecular models, in which the a-CD cavity is threaded by an OE chain but not by a squalane chain, and also from the experimental finding that a-CD forms complexes with the former but not with the latter. The fact that neither jS-CD nor y-CD can complex with OE may be ascribed to the thickness of the OE chain that is too thin to interact effectively with the inner surfaces of these CD rings. The 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of the a-CD-OE complexes were similar to those of a-CD-PEG complexes, exhibiting each carbon atom of glucose as a single peak. Thus, the a-CD molecules in the complex with OE assume a symmetrical conformation and each glucose unit finds itself in a similar environment. 

B) R.L. McKisson L.A. Bromley, "A New High-Temperature Calorimeter , USAEC (US Atomic Energy Commission) Report UCRL 688 (1950) (A calorimeter for use in the temp interval 600 to 1500° K contg a thermostat of molten tin surrounding a cavity in which the sample is placed. The calorimeter is resistance-heated, and control of the thermostat temp to lQ.5°C is effected by means of a modified "single-speed floating control . 

A simple macrobicycle can be considered to arise by addition of another chain or strap of atoms to a macromonocycle, to provide three chains joined at two capping carbon atoms (top), effectively two fused macromonocycles. This example offers six donor groups to a metal ion, as exemplified with ball and stick and space-filling models the latter shows the small central cavity able to accommodate only a single cation. These readily form very stable octahedral complexes with a range of metal ions the best-known example has L = NH (called sarcophagine ). 

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