Cavitation sonochemical reactors design

Dahnke S, Keil F (1998) Modeling of sound fields in liquids with a nonhomogeneous distribution of cavitation bubbles as a basis for the design of sonochemical reactors. Chem Eng Technol 21 873-877... 

The reactor design in terms of ratio of the diameter of the immersion transducer to reactor diameter, liquid height, position of the transducers and characteristics of the cell plays a important role in deciding the cavitational activity distribution and hence the efficacy of sonochemical reactors for the specific application. Based on a critical analysis of the existing literature, following important design related information can be recommended ... 

Design of sonochemical reactors is a very important parameter in deciding the net cavitational effects. Use of multiple transducers and multiple frequencies with possibility of variable power dissipation is recommended. Theoretical analysis for predicting the cavitational activity distribution is recommended for optimization of the geometry of the reactor including the transducer locations in the case of multiple transducer reactors. Use of process intensifying parameters at zones with minimum cavitational intensity should help in enhancing the net cavitational effects. 

Gogate PR, Pandit AB (2000) Engineering design methods for cavitation reactors I Sonochemical reactors. AIChE J 46 372-379... 

Kanthale PM, Gogate PR, Wilhelm AM, Pandit AB (2005) Dynamics of cavitational bubbles and design of a hydrodynamic cavitational reactor cluster approach. Ultrason Sonochem 12 441 -52... 

Combination of the hydrodynamic-cavitation reactors and sonochemical reactors where the cavity is generated using the hydrodynamic means and the collapse of the cavities is taking place in the sonochemical reactor. The distance between the two events (generation and collapse) will be a crucial design aspect in the expected synergism and should be established with theoretical simulations and/or experimental validation for a particular application. The developed reactor should be operated in a continuous mode and needs be tested for different cavitational transformations. 

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