Causality, questionable conclusions

Virtually all of the questions that can be asked of lead using the Hill causality criteria can be answered in the affirmative, allowing a conclusion of general causality of the various adverse health effects long or newly connected with lead exposures in various elevated risk segments of human populations. Table 21.2 offers a number of the responses to the nine causality proofs of Hill that merit discussion. 

The question of causality is often raised when dealing with such analyses. Here, it seems more logical to interpret the relationship between drink-drive behavior and attitude toward drink-drive penalty as the first causing the second. That is to say the more we drink and drive, the less we are in favor of penalty enforcement. This interpretation leads to the conclusion that people ate aware of their behavior, they know what they are doing but they are not willing to change it... 

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