Cathode negatively charged

The fused-silica surface also provides another mechanism, electro-osmosis, which drives solutes through the tube under the influence of an electric field. The principle of electro-osmotic flow (EOF) is illustrated in Fig. 1. The inner wall of the capillary contains silanol groups on the surface that become ionized as the pH is raised above about 3.0. This creates an electrical double layer in the presence of an applied electric field so that the positively charged species of the buffer which are surrounded by a hydrated layer carry solvent toward the cathode (negatively charged electrode). This results in a net movement of solvent toward the cathode that will carry solutes in the same direction as if the solvent were pumped through the capillary. This electrically driven solvent pumping mechanism results in a flat flow profile in contrast to... 

This electric force accelerates positively charged ions towards the negative electrode (cathode). Negatively charged ions are accelerated towards the positive electrode (anode). 

Positively charged ions are called cations (e.g., Ca " ", Mg " ", etc.). Cations tend to travel toward the cathode. Negatively charged ions are called anions (e.g., Cl, F , etc.). Anions tend to travel toward the anode. Anions can react at the cathode and cations at... 

Because micelles are negatively charged, they migrate toward the cathode with a velocity less than the electroosmotic flow velocity. Neutral species partition themselves between the micelles and the buffer solution in much the same manner as they do in HPLC. Because there is a partitioning between two phases, the term chromatography is used. Note that in MEKC both phases are mobile. ... 

Oxygen anions are thus now attracted to the electrode with the positive charge or the electrode which has been made positive by anodic polarization. Backspillover will continue untill the charge is neutralized. Similarly oxygen anions will be repelled from the negatively charged or cathodically polarized electrode to enter into the YSZ structure. The charges q+ and q. thus disappear and thus TV and TV vanish. 

As Cu2+ ions are reduced, the solution at the cathode becomes negatively charged and the solution at the anode begins to develop a positive charge as the additional Zn2+ ions enter the solution. To prevent this charge buildup, which would quickly stop the flow of electrons, the two solutions are in contact through a porous wall ions provided by the electrolyte solutions move between the two compartments and complete the electrical circuit. 

A negatively charged electrolyte flows from the cathode to the anode. 

---