Cathode nanoparticles

Lim, S., and Cho, J. (2008). PVP-Assisted Zr02 coating on LlMn204 spinel cathode nanoparticles prepared by Mn02 nanowire templates, Electrochem. Commun., 10, pp. 1478-1481. 

Jo, M., Y.S. Hong, J. Choo, and J. Cho (2009). Effect of LiCoO Cathode Nanoparticle Size on High Rate Performance for Li-Ion Batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 156, A430. 

Jo M, Hong Y-S, Choo J, Cho J (2009) Effect of LiCo02 cathode nanoparticle size on high rate performance for Li-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 156(6) A430-A434. doi 10.1149/1. 3111031... 

M.K. Jo, Y.S. Hong, J.B. Ghoo and J.P. Cho, Effect of LiGoOj cathode nanoparticle size on high rate performance for Li-Ion batteries,. Electrochem. Soc. 156,2009, A430-A434. 

Defects in arc-grown nanotubes place limitations on their utility. Since defects appear to arise predominantly due to sintering of adjacent nanotubes in the high temperature of the arc, it seemed sensible to try to reduce the extent of sintering by cooling the cathode better[2]. The most vivid assay for the extent of sintering is the oxidative heat purification treatment of Ebbesen and coworkers[7], in which amorphous carbon and shorter nanoparticles are etched away before nanotubes are substantially shortened. Since, as we proposed, most of the nanoparticle impurities orig-... 

Similar results were found by Bacsa el al. [26] for cathode core material. Raman scattering spectra were reported by these authors for material shown in these figures, and these results are discussed below. Their HRTEM images showed that heating core material in air induces a clear reduction in the relative abundance of the carbon nanoparticles. The Raman spectrum of these nanoparticles would be expected to resemble an intermediate between a strongly disordered carbon black synthesized at 850°C (Fig. 2d) and that of carbon black graphitized in an inert atmosphere at 2820°C (Fig. 2c). As discussed above in section 2, the small particle size, as well as structural disorder in the small particles (dia. —200 A), activates the D-band Raman scattering near 1350 cm . ... 

The spacings between the layers (rfooz) measured by selected area electron diffraction were in a range of 0.34 to 0.35 nm[3]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the cathode deposit, including nanoparticles and nano-... 

Figure 2 illustrates a proposed growth process[3] of a polyhedral nanoparticle, along with a nanotube. First, carbon neutrals (C and C2) and ions (C )[16] deposit, and then coagulate with each other to form small clusters on the surface of the cathode. Through an accretion of carbon atoms and coalescence between clusters, clusters grow up to particles with the size fi-... 

The catalyst inks were prepared by dispersing the catalyst nanoparticles into an appropriate amoimt of Millipore water and 5wt% Nafion solution. Then, both the anode and cathode catalyst inks were directly painted using a direct painting technique onto either side of a Nafion 117 membrane. A carbon cloth diffusion layer was placed on to top of both the anode and cathode catalyst layers [3-5]. The active cell area was 2.25cm. ... 

Soot deposited on the chamber wall contained mostly carbonaceous particles, where no MWNTs were contained. The deposits on the cathode consist of two portions the inside is black fragile core and the outside hard shell. The inside include MWNTs scad poljd ral graphitic nanoparticles. The outer-shell part ojnsisted of the crystd of graphite. 

Ham S, Choi B, Paeng KJ, Myung N, Rajeshwar K (2007) Photoinduced cathodic deposition of CdTe nanoparticles on polycrystalline gold substrate. Electrochem Commun 9 1293-1297... 

Binary systems of ruthenium sulfide or selenide nanoparticles (RujcSy, RujcSey) are considered as the state-of-the-art ORR electrocatalysts in the class of non-Chevrel amorphous transition metal chalcogenides. Notably, in contrast to pyrite-type MS2 varieties (typically RUS2) utilized in industrial catalysis as effective cathodes for the molecular oxygen reduction in acid medium, these Ru-based cluster materials exhibit a fairly robust activity even in high methanol content environments of fuel cells. 

In case of fuel cell cathodes, theoretical considerations were directed towards optimizing catalysts for O2 reduction [103]. This has led to the synthesis of Pt3Co/C nanocatalyst systems and preliminary results again indicate perfect agreement between the calculations and the wet electrochemical results obtained with metal nanoparticles of the composition which theory had recommended [106]. 

One of the critical issues with regard to low temperamre fuel cells is the gradual loss of performance due to the degradation of the cathode catalyst layer under the harsh operating conditions, which mainly consist of two aspects electrochemical surface area (ECA) loss of the carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles and corrosion of the carbon support itself. Extensive studies of cathode catalyst layer degradation in phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAECs) have shown that ECA loss is mainly caused by three mechanisms ... 

Pt nanoparticles, made of either pure or alloyed Pt, are well known as anodes and cathodes in hydrogen and methanol fuel cells [Vielstich et al., 2003]. Using... 

When ultrasound emitter and electrode are different elements in the system, electrode-apart-transducer configuration, Fig. 4.2a, ultrasound removes the nanoparticles from the cathode to form suspended seeds. The ultrasonic agitation maintains a suspension of these preformed nanoparticles, which move continuously around, hit the electrodes, and these charged particles attach to one another and grow in suspension [90]. In this case, ultrasound keeps the larger structures from agglomeration. 

Karami H, Karimi MA, Haghdar S, Sadeghi A, Mir-Ghasemi R, Mahdi-Khani S (2008) Synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles by sonochemical method and its application as cathode and anode of lead-acid batteries. Mater Chem Phys 108 337-344... 

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