Catherine wheels

Always a popular firework, Catherine wheels with diameters of up to 50 cm are readily available. Other wheels are more complicated in construction and combine the effects of gerbs, saxons, fountains, lances and rockets in ways that are always attractive to the eye, as well as being dramatic (Figure 9.2). 

By contrast, a crown wheel is one of the simplest fireworks to set up. It resembles a flying saucer and rests, without ceremony, on a nail fixed in the top of a post. Although it spins at about the same speed as a Catherine wheel and uses a similar pyrotechnic composition, the crown wheel is not fixed in any way. 

CATHERINE WHEEL A hrcwork Consisting of a spiral of pyrotechnic composition in a paper case that rotates on a pin. 

Licorice sticks, bricks, cakes, toffee, pipes, bars, balls, tubes, Catherine wheels, pastilles, and Licorice Allsorts Torpedos Blackcurrant... 

Fnrther, if in all para-snbstitnted phenols the CO stretching vibration is mainly localized on these two fnndamental modes, in some ortho- and meta-phenols it appears coupled with the mode corresponding to the fnndamental three of benzene whose displacements resemble a distortion towards a Catherine wheel type of strnctnre. Snch vibration appears to be rather sensitive to the position (i.e. either cis or tram) of the X atom, being almost independent of its natnre. In all tram ortho- and meto-snbstitnted phenols, it is placed at slightly lower wavennmbers and characterized by a consistently larger IR intensity compared to the cis conformers. Consider the following example. For all tram m-XCeHjOH, it is centred at ca 1322 cm (81-83 kmmoC ) and bine shifts to ca 1334 cm (2-7 kmmoG ) for the cis conformer. In tram ortto-snbstitnted forms, it is found at 1316-1317 cm (73-78 kmmoC ), while in the cis forms it is at 1323-1324 cm- (21-28 kmmor ). 

Catherine wheel -type structure 67 Cation exchange resins 620 Cations—see also Dications aryloxyUum 179 hydroxybenzyl 295 hydroxyphenyl 273-277 phenoxy 273-277, 289 Cavitands—see also Bis-cavitands, Oligocavitands... 

FIGURE 3 CATHerine wheel illustration of the distribution of fold classes in the database of known protein structures. SOURCE Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College, London. This figure can be viewed in color at . 

The name Catherine occurs fairly regularly throughout history, most of these ladies being associated with royalty. However, in the third or fourth century there was apparently a virgin martyr of Catholic origin in Alexandria. Legend represents her as being condemned to torture on a toothed wheel hence the evolution of the hrework known as St Catherine s Wheel . 

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