Catenena and rotaxane

Pseudorotaxane is produced when the linear molecule of the object penetrates the cyclic subject. While functional groups or compositions are attaching both ends of the object through the covalent bond or coordinate bond, the formation of a stopper shape blocks the separation of pseudorotaxane from the main body, generating rotaxane. Rotaxane and pseudorotaxane are both supramolecules maintained by the weak interaction of noncovalent bonds. The imit molecule determines the properties of the whole large molecule. The rotaxane is composed of a linear molecule and a cyclic molecule. N-rotaxane is formed when a linear molecule passes through n-1 cyclic molecules. Due to the special noncovalent supramolecular structure, this sort of supramolecule demonstrates the special character and has potential for application [48]. 

Rotaxane is an excellent example with the significance for studying and manufacturing this sort of supramolecule. 

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