Rotaxanes and catenanes

Template synthesis and chirality of catenanes, rotaxanes, and pretzelanes including N-macroheterocyclic lactams and related compounds as structure components 99PAC247. 

For a monograph, see Schill, G. Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots Academic Press NY, 1971. For a review, see Schill, G. in Chiurdoglu Conformational Analysis Academic Press NY, 1971, p. 229. 

Fujita, M. Transition metal-incorporating catenanes. In Molecular Catenanes, Rotaxanes and Knots Sauvage, J.-P., Dietrich-Buchecker, C., Eds. Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim, Germany, 1999, pp 57-76. 

Schill G (1971) Catenanes Rotaxanes and Knots, Academic Press, New York... 

Because of space limitations, only meso- and macrocycles possessing heteroatoms and/or subheterocyclic rings are reviewed in general, lactones, lactams, and cyclic imides have been excluded. In view of the delayed availability of some articles appearing in previous years, several have been incorporated. The introduction of a systematic nomenclature of catenanes, rotaxanes, and derived assemblies has recently appeared <00JPC437> this should have appeared two decades ago, but is still timely in futuristic point of view. 

J.-P. Sauvage, C. Dietrich-Buchecker (Eds.), Catenanes, Rotaxanes and Knots, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999. 

For a discussion of the stereochemistry of these compounds, see Schill Catenanes. Rotaxanes. and Knots Academic Press New York, 1971, pp. 11-18. 

Schill,G. Catenanes, rotaxanes and knots. New York Academic Press 1971. 

Organic Template-Directed Syntheses of Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots... 

Amide-linked catenanes and rotaxanes can play a major role in the study of rare forms of chirality, e.g. topological chirality and cycloenantiomerism [60]. Resolution of enantiomeric catenanes, rotaxanes, and pretzelanes has been achieved by HPLC on chiral column materials, but further work must be performed to determine absolute configurations and to realize new chiral skeletons composed of achiral building blocks. Topological asymmetric synthesis still belongs to dreams of the future yet should be kept in mind. 

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