Catecholamines occurrence

Abrupt withdrawal The occurrence of a -blocker withdrawal syndrome is controversial. However, hypersensitivity to catecholamines has been observed in patients withdrawn from -blocker therapy. Exacerbation of angina. Ml, ventricular arrhythmias, and death have occurred after abrupt discontinuation of therapy. 

Occurrence of Acyclic Amines, Imidazoles, Catecholamines, and Indoles"... 

Carlsson A (1959) The occurrence, distribution and physiological role of catecholamines in the nervous system. Pharm Rev IP.490-493. 

Hokfelt T, Everitt BJ, Theodorsson-Norheim E, Goldstein M (1984b) Occurrence of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in subpopulations of hypothalamic, mesencephalic, and medullary catecholamine neurons. J Comp Neurol 222 543-559. 

Kimelberg HK (1986) Occurrence and functional significance of serotonin and catecholamine uptake by astrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 35 2273-2281. 

Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine share properties with cocaine and with the amphetamines because they (1) stimulate (3-receptors directly, and (2) also cause the increased release of norepinephrine. Chronic exposure to abnormally high levels of circulating catecholamines can damage the heart. This is certainly the case with cocaine and methamphetamine (116,117), but ephedrine-related cardiomyopathy is an extremely rare occurrence, occurring only in individuals who take massive amounts of drug for prolonged periods of time. Only two papers have ever been published on the subject (118,119). 

Bertler A (1961) Occurrence and localization of catecholamines in human brain. Acta Physiol Scand 51 135-161... 

Ribeiro, P. and Webb, R. A. (1983a) The occurrence and synthesis of octopamine and catecholamines in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 7 53-62. Webb, R. A. and Eklove, H. (1989) Demonstration of intense glutamate-like immunoreac-tivity in the longitudinal nerve cords of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasitol. Res. 75 545-548. 

General anesthetic prototype inhaled halogenated hydrocarbon. Tox cardiovascular and respiratory depression and relaxation of skeletal and smooth muscle. Use is declining because of sensitization of heart to catecholamines and occurrence (rare) of hepatitis. 

Documented effects An extract of this herb sharply iuCTeases blood pressure, due to its high noradrenaline content. Hemostatic action for internal hemorrhaging has been documented (Khalmatov 1964). In experiments with mice and rats, an ethanolic extract of the dried aboveground parts showed significant antiinflammatory and analgesic effects after intra-peritoneal and topical, but not oral, administration (Chan et al. 2000). Studies indicated that the consumption of the plant may help to reduce the occurrence of cancer and heart diseases. Catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) contained in the plant are generally considered to be the effective component in the treatment of shock. Studies have also shown that noradrenaline is a modulator of the immune system and may have anti-cancer properties (Chen et al. 2003). 

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