Ion-pair catalysis

A similar contribution from the counterion in the transition state for propagation would require formation of an energetically unfavoured four membered ring. Parallel data have been reported for the molecular weights of poly-(isobutenes) produced by y-ray irradiation (free ions) and chemical catalysis (ion pairs) (161), though in this case it was shown that entropy rather than enthalpy factors were more important. 

Additionally, phenomena such as catalysis, ion-pair interactions, chemi- or bioluminescence, redox changes, etc., may be employed in the chemical transduction process. In catalysis type of system, for example, the immobilized reagent catalyzes the conversion of analyte to form a product whose optical property is then measured. Several examples of such reactions include those which utilize immobilized enzymes acting as a catalyst. The response of the sensor in such a system, involves a steady state, in which the rate of product formation is equal to the rate at which it is removed from the transducer by processes such as diffusion and convection. The concentration of the steady-state product increases with... 

Keywords Asymmetric catalysis Ion-pairing Organocatalysis Vinylogy... 

---