Catalysis history

S-100 Activated Alumina for Claus Catalysis, Case Histories, Alcoa Chemicals Division, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1985. 

Gaines, G.L. and Wise, G. (1983) in Heterogeneous Catalysis Selected American Histories. ACS Symposium Series 222 (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC) p. 13. 

Elios, J. (1962). Petroleum, Progress and Profits A History of Process Innovation. Cambridge, MA MIT Pres.s. Frankenburg, W. G., ct. al., cds. (1954). Advances in Catalysis and Related Subjects. New York Academic Press. 

This publication is the record of the papers given and of the discussions at a meeting convened in May 1950 at Trinity College, Dublin by D.C. Pepper which is usually referred to as the First International Cationic (occasionally just Ionic) Symposium (A). It is important in the history of polymer science because many important new ideas were discussed there, some for the first time. These included Dainton and Ivin s theory of equilibrium polymerisations, co-catalysis (Plesch, Polanyi and Skinner), and the energetics of polymerisations. The present author made several contributions to that discussion, the most substantial of which was a joint theoretical paper which is reproduced here ... 

Although the history of rigid monolithic polymers is relatively short, a number of applications have already been explored. These applications cover a rather broad range of fields from heterogeneous catalysis and solid-phase extraction, to polymer-supported chemistry and a variety of separation processes. 

Carbenium ions, 42 115, 143 acid catalysis, 41 336 chemical shift tensors, 42 124-125 fragments in zeolites, 42 92-93 history, 42 116 superacids, 42 117 Carbide catalysts, 34 37 Carbidic carbon, 37 138, 146-147 Carbidic intermediates, 30 189-190, 194 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, 30 196-197, 206-212... 

The name of zeolites, which originates from the Greek words zeo (to boil) and lithos (stone), was given some 250 years ago to a family of minerals (hydrated aluminosilicates) that exhibited intumescence when heated in a flame. However, the history of zeolites really began 60 years ago with the development of synthesis methods. Commercial applications in three main fields—ion exchange, adsorption, and catalysis—were rapidly developed, the corresponding processes being more environmentally friendly than their predecessors. 

In spite of the long history of catalysis application in chemical industry over 150 years, catalysis is largely an empirical science. The difficulty of a... 

This is the first book to offer a practical overview of zeolites and their commercial applications. Each chapter is written by a globally recognized and acclaimed leader in the field. The book is organized into three parts. The first part discusses the history and chemistry of zeolites, the second part focuses on separation processes and the third part explores zeolites in the field of catalysis. AH three parts are tied together by their focus on the unique properties of zeolites that allow them to function in different capabilities as an adsorbent, a membrane and a catalyst. Each of the chapters also discusses the impact of zeolites within the industry. 

A personal look at the history of aqueous organometallic catalysis... 

The early history of enzymes is associated widi die process of brewing and die production of wine because of die economic importance of these processes in Europe in the nineteenth century. Following on from the work of Pasteur, it was Buchner and others who showed that an extract of yeast carried out fermentation (i.e. die conversion of glucose to alcohol) as well as die yeast cell itself. The agents diat did diis catalysis in the extract were simply described as in yeast which, from the Greek enQn) and zyme, is the name enzyme was derived. 

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