Cassiopeia, supernova

The search for titanium-44 was undertaken by the gamma spectrometer aboard the Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO). The 1.15 MeV line was detected in the direction of Cassiopeia A and Vela, two recent supernova remnants. Mapping the Galaxy in the 1.15 MeV line will undoubtedly be one of the main objectives of the European satellite INTEGRAL, a unique space-borne experiment in which Erance is deeply involved. ... 

This article is organized essentially in the same sequence that a massive star burns successively higher atomic number elements in its core, until it collapses and explodes in a supernova. The introductory part discusses how the rates of thermonuclear reactions in (massive) stars are calculated, what the different classes of reactions are and how the stars (usually) manage to burn their fuels so slowly6. The middle part describes the nuclear physics during the collapse phase of the massive star. The last part describes a few typical examples of what can be learned by optical, IR and X-ray studies about nucleosynthesis and dynamics of explosion in supernovae and supernova remnants such as Cassiopeia A, SN 1987A etc. Only core-collapse supernovae are discussed in these lectures, those that arise from massive stars (e.g. stars more massive than 8Mq with typical solar metallicity at the time they start... 

Fig. 16. Spectrum of the entire supernova remnant Cassiopeia A taken by Chandra (AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS)) on January 30-31, 2000 against pulse height (lower x-axis) in the spectral channel and photon energy (upper x-axis) using a gain value of 4.8 eV per channel (Fig. reproduced by permission of the AAS and courtesy of U. Hwang [129])...

These supernova explosions occurred in Cassiopeia in August 1572 and Ophiuchus in 1604. These two brilliant supernovas were both clearly visible in daylight for up to one and a half years and greatly excited the Rosicrucians as Stars of Bethlehem ushering in the penultimate age of man. This was to be the Golden Age of Aquarius. 

The supernova in Cassiopeia was particularly unique, as this constellation was the heavenly body specifically regarded as the Celestial or Virgin Queen Cassiopeia is one of the titles of Isis, the Queen of Ethiopia who is the Popess of the Tarot. 

A supernova reputedly occurs in Cassiopeia every three hundred years on average. Each new star that appears in Cassiopeia symbolizes the birth of a new Christ or Child of Light who will be manifest on earth. 

Brahe, lycho (1546-1601) Danish astronomer, generally regarded as the most precise, systematic, and meticulous observer of the heavens in the era before the telescope. He observed the supernova of 1572 ( Tycho s star ) in the constellation of Cassiopeia and showed that it was a fixed star, because its position relative to the other fixed stars remained unchanged and it showed no daily parallax. In 1577 Tycho moved to his own observatories on Hven Island (financed by King Frederick II), where, without the benefit of a telescope, he charted the positions of 777 stars, in 1599 he moved to Prague to join the court of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II as imperial mathematician, with "Kepler as his assistant from 1600. 

The possibility of observing the outburst of Supernovae at the remote Galaxy regions, invisible within optical band because of interstellar extinction using thermal IR-radiation of interstellar dust heated by Supernova outburst is discussed in this paper. The investigation of this phenomenon by means of cooled IR-telescopes will allow the Supernova outburst parameters to be determined and the characteristics of the interstellar dust distribution to be studied. The similar effects can be detected in the vicinities of the well-known remnants of Supernovae, in particular, near Tycho Brahe and Cassiopeia A Supernovae. 

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