Cassane

These conditions do not obtain in cassanic acid (p. 728) although this acid dehydrogenates to 1 7 8-trimethylphenanthrene. 

Ketohydroxycassanic acid, C20H32O4, has also been used for another mode of degradation by Ruzicka, Dalma and Scott (1941). On oxidation by chromic acid in acetic acid it yields diketocassanic acid, C20H30O4, m.p. 225°, [a]u ° — 44° (EtOH), which forms a methyl ester, m.p. 108°, (EtOH), and is reduced by sodium amyloxide at 220° to cassanic acid, C20H34O2, m.p. 224°, [a]f - - 3° (CHCI3), which on selenium dehydrogenation also yields 1 7 8-trimethylphenanthrene. 

Ruzicka, Engel, Ronco and Berse have shown that the carboxyl group in cassanic acid is not at position by replacing this carboxyl group by isopropyl, dehydrogenating the product with selenium to a hydrocarbon, which proved not to be identical with a s)mthetic... 

Schaller, F. Rahalison, L. Islam, N. Potterat, O. Hostettmann, K. Stoeckli-Evans, H. Mavi, S. A new potent antifungal quinone methide diterpene with a cassane skeleton from Bobgunnia madagascariensis. Helv. Chim. Acta 2000, 83, 407-413. 

F. Grillot, L. Vivien, S. Laval, D. Pascal, E. Cassan, "Size influence on the propagation loss induced by sidewall roughness in ultrasmall SOI waveguides," IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 16, 1661-1663 (2004). 

Erasmianisch Die Methode, Konflikte zu losen Das Wirken Witzels und Cassan-... 

Cassane and Miscellaneous Tricyclic Diterpenoids The Chemistry of Ring A The Chemistry of Ring b The Chemistry of Ring c... 

A. Claude-Lafontaine, M. Rouillard, J. Cassan, and M. Azzaro, Bull. Soc. chim. France, 1976, 88. 

Cassanes.— -Caesalpin (41), from Caesalpinia pulcherrima, possesses the cassane skeleton, and is thus related to the bitter principles isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella. Cassminic acid is a minor constituent of the bark of Erythrophleum guineense. Spectroscopic measurements and an interrelationship with cassane-16,19-dioic acid have established " it as 6-oxo-7-hydroxycass-13-ene-16,19-dioic acid. N.m.r. measurements and bromination-dehydrobromina-tion studies are in accord with the axial 14a-configuration now accepted for the cassamic acid diterpenes. 

Cleistanthol (42), isolated from Cleistanthus schlechteri, is an unusual diter-pene. In contrast to the cassane diterpenes, its structure results from formal... 

Examples of diterpenes with the cleistanthane and cassane skeleton have been isolated from an unidentified sterile coprophilous fungus. Sonomolide A and B (162, 163) display antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans but do not show antibacterial activity towards Bacillus subtilis [229]. 

Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 44 323-332 Cassan JP, Izzo A (1963) Rapport preliminaire sur le reservoir de Hassi Messaoud. S.N. Repal Chanut C, Hubault C, Riche P (1971) Oil and gas accumulation in Tin-Fouye-Tabankort area, Algeria (abs.). AAPG Bull 55 333... 

Cassane and Miscellaneous Tricyclic Diterpenoids.—A group of furanoid diterpenoids, related to the caesalpins, has been isolated from Pterodon emargina-and P. pubescens. They include compounds (39—42). Some further diterpene alkaloids of the cassaic acid class have been isolated from Erythro-phleum ivorense. 

The hydroxyl in cassaic acid is secondary because oxidation of the acid with chromic acid generates a diketo acid (m.p. 238-239°, [a] —164.5° in ethanol) which did not give positive reactions for aldehydes and which formed a methyl ester (m.p. 129-130°), a dioxime (m.p. 130-132°), and a disemicarbazone (m.p. 290°). Ruzicka and Dalma (19) have suggested that the saturated acid, free of oxygen-containing substituents, from which cassaic acid is derived, be named cassanic acid. The diketo acid obtainable... 

In conclusion, it may be pointed out that a number of structural formulas have been suggested for cassanic acid, but they are speculative except for the phenanthrene nucleus. 

Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E., and Isambert, A. (2006). Commercial applications of microalgae. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 101, 87-96. 

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