Case histories explosion

Nonstirred ARC runs may give answers that do not adequately duphcate plant results when there are reactants that may settle out or that require mixing for the reaction to be carried out (DeHaven and Dietsche, The Dow Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, Calif., Catalyst Explosion A Case History, Plant (Operations Progress, April 1990). 

This chapter describes the main features of vapor cloud explosions, flash fires, and BLEVEs. It identifies the similarities and differences among them. Effects described are supported by several case histories. Chapter 3 will present details of dispersion, deflagration, detonation, ignition, blast, and radiation. 

Metallic components of zinc, aluminium and magnesium (or their alloys) are unsuitable for service with bromomethane because of the formation of pyrophoric Grig-nard-type compounds. The Case History attributes a severe explosion to ignition of a bromomethane-air mixture by pyrophoric methylaluminium bromides produced by corrosion of an aluminium component. 

Dartnell, R. C. et al., Loss Prev., 1971, 5, 53-56 MCA Case History No. 1649 A batch of 8 t of material accumulated in storage at 154°C during 72 h decomposed explosively. Stability tests showed that thermal instability developed when 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol is stored molten at temperatures above 140°C. Decomposition set in after 14 h at 185° or 45 h at 165°, with peak temperatures of 593 and 521°C, respectively. In a closed vessel, a peak pressure of 750 bar was attained, with a maximum rate of increase of 40 kbar/s. Thermal degradation involves an initially slow exothermic free radical polymerisation process, followed by a rapid and violently exothermic decomposition at take-off. 

MCA Case History No. 282 Erroneous addition of cone, sulfuric acid to sodium chlorate instead of sodium chloride caused an explosion owing to formation of chlorine dioxide [1]. Accidental contact of 93% acid on clothing previously splashed with sodium chlorate caused immediate ignition [2],... 

Significant modifications were made to the following topics dispersion modeling, source modeling, flammability characterization, explosion venting, fundamentals of electrostatics, and case histories. This new edition also includes selected materials from the latest AICHE Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) books and is now an excellent introduction to the CCPS library. 

Groothuizen, Th. M., J. W. Hartgerink, and H. J. Pasman, "Phenomenology, Test Methods, and Case Histories of Explosions in Liquids and Solids," Loss Prev. Safety Prom. Process Ind., 239 (1974). 

This comprehensive survey of the title topic is in three parts, the first dealing with the theoretical background and laboratory studies, with 29 references. The second part, with 21 references deals with case histories and experimental studies of industrial vapour explosions. These involved the systems molten titanium-water, molten copper-water, molten aluminium-water, smelt-water, water-various cryogenic liquids, molten salt-water and molten uranium dioxide-liquid sodium. In the third part (with a further 26 references) is discussion of the various theories which abound, and the general conclusion that superheated liquids most likely play a major role in all these phenomena [1]. A further related publication covers BLEVEs and pressure let-down explosions [2],... 

Few in-depth studies have been made of actual furnace smelt-water explosions and, therefore, it is difficult to delineate expected overpressures and impulses. One case history is presented to indicate in a qualitative fashion the type of damage in a large explosion. 

Case History 8 Electrical and Instrumentation Room Explosion... 

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