Cascading setups

Fig. 21 Experimental setup for quantum cascade laser (QCL)-HWG gas sensing [92]...

The new concept for processing of bimodal polyolefins was first presented in 2004 at the Kunststoffmesse in Dtisseldorf. The system, known as the ZSK-NT, combines two corotating, twin-screw kneaders in a cascade arrangement. Figure 15.1 shows the setup of the two ZSKs operating as ZSK-NT. ... 

The earlier setup of using ion-selective electrodes as an FI detector employed an electrode tilted at about 45°, with the sample/carrier flowing continuously over its sensing surface. The electrode was adjusted so that the surface film thus formed kept contact with the effluent solution, the latter being maintained at constant level in the out-flow reservoir, in which the reference electrode was submeiged. This cascade design, seemingly simple, requires some skill, experience, and patience from the operator, and appears to lack the robustness of a routinely applicable detector. 

Extensive data exists on the physiochemical, biological and pharmacokinetic release properties of chitosan [30,32], making it an ideal system for the assessment and performance of the three fundamental free radical transformations radical addition reactions, atom transfer reactions and radical cascade reactions (Figure 11.5) [34,33]. These reactions are our main focus of investigation since they represent the three major transformations commonly associated with cell death and damage in a disease as a result of free radical generation in-vivo [18]. Our studies illustrate that the chitosan model is a successful experimental setup as a molecular prototype carrier system, suitable for evaluation of the fundamental aspects of a delivery system under laboratory conditions [35,33]. 

Fig. 3.1 Cocoa bean box fermentation is a commonly used method for fermentation of the cocoa pulp-bean mass. A cascade of three boxes of about 1 m each is an optimal setup for this fermentation process. In a box fermentation process, fermentation of the cocoa pulp-bean mass starts in the upper box every 24 h, the fermenting cocoa pulp-bean mass is transferred to a lower box. At the end of the fermentation process, the fermented cocoa beans are collected...

Table 1.2 Wavevector mismatch values for the direct fifth-order process and both steps of the cascaded third-order processes for both phase-matching geometries. For liquid CS2 in our two-color experimental setup...

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