Caryophyllaceae

Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments responsible for the red and violet (betacyanins class) and yellow (betaxanthins class) colors found in many flowers, fruits, and occasionally in vegetative tissues of plants of most families of the Caryophyllales order (except the Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae families, which have anthocyanins instead)." ... 

In comparison to the Asteraceae, Dilleniidae, and Rosidae, evidence available regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of Caryophyllaceae seems vestigial, hence the urgent need to assess this subclass for its anti-inflammatory potentials. 

Chart 12.2 Phytoalexins (reEtoHarbome 1999b, unless otherwise stated) (5max=39, av=14 5 ///max=0.77, av=0.4). Alkal. benzoxazins D/a f/j s phytoalexin (Dianthtds caryophyllus, Caryophyllaceae phytoalexin) and open form, avenalumin I (Gramineae, Ang.), see also Frey 1997 sulflirated indole brassicanol A, camalexin, brassilexin (Cruciferae, Ang.). 

Drymariatin, a C-2-substituted derivative, is known as glycoside only (Drymaria diandra, Caryophyllaceae). Another C-2-substituted flavone, hoslundal, was earlier reported from Hoslunda (Lamiaceae). From species of Cassia (Fabaceae), flavones with a C-6-acrylic acid substituent were isolated. This substitution pattern appears to be quite unique. Hoslundal, torosaflavone D, and its dimethyl derivative (for formulae see Figure 12.1) were all detected in either leaves or aerial parts, but not indicated as exudate compounds. 

Glucosylmtinoside) Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Nevada leafy stems and roots Caryophyllaceae 287... 

Alkaloids have been reported present in a few species. In this study, the following were positive Carpodetus serratus, Montinia caryophyllacea (sometimes assigned to a family of its own, Monti-niaceae), Ribes americanum, R. malvaceum. 

Examples of naturally occurring bioactive cyclopeptides are Segetalins A and B (Figure 1.3.11), which were isolated from Vaccaria se.gd.alis (Caryophyllacea) and were shown to have estrogen-like activity. The seeds of Vaccaria segetalis are used... 

Fig. 1.3.11. Segetalin A and Segetalin B isolated from Vaccaria segetalis (Caryophyllacea).

Hadena moths use Silene flowers (Caryophyllaceae) as both nectar sources and as host plants for depositing larvae. The floral scent of Silene latifolia is characterized by the presence of several fatty acid derivatives, benzenoids, and monoterpenoids, while the most abundant compounds are the lilac aldehyde isomers ((2 S, 2 S, 5 S), (2R, 2 S, 5 V), (2S, 2 R, 5 S), and (2R, 2 R, 5 S )) (23), veratrole, and benzyl acetate.93 However, several chemotypes of these dominant components are found in S. latifolia, suggesting variability in attracting pollinators. Wind tunnel experiments have revealed that Hadena bicruris is strongly attracted by lilac aldehyde isomers although the moths respond electrophysiologically to all eight stereoisomers of lilac aldehyde, only four are present in the floral scent.94... 

Ecdysterone (= Ecdysone Lychnisfulgens (Caryophyllaceae), cAMP PDE (183) [insect... 

Agrostemma Agrostin ( 30kDa) Agrostemma githago (Caryophyllaceae) [seed] PAG (apoptotic)... 

Petrocoptis Petroglaucin 2 (30 kDa) Petrocoptis grandiflora (Caryophyllaceae) [plant] PSI - RRL (nM)... 

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