Cardiovascular applications polymerization

FIGURE 19.2 Polymeric prostheses for cardiovascular applications, (a) Design (i) and prototype (ii) of a synthetic heart valve fabricated with POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer, (b) Schematics of an ePTFE vascular graft with heparin immobilized on the surface for anticoagulant effects. Panel (a) Adapted from Kidane et al. [67] with permission from Elsevier, copyright (2009). Panel (b) Adapted from Hoshi et al. [122] with permission from Elsevier, copyright (2013). 

This chapter addresses the application of polymeric biomaterials in the context of implantable devices intended for long-term functionality and permanent existence in the recipients. Basic concepts of biocompatibility as well as mechanical and structural compatibility are discussed to provide appropriate background for the understanding of polymer usage in cardiovascular, orthopedic, ophthalmologic, and dental prostheses. Furthermore, emerging classes... 

Table 19.1 summarizes some of the existing usage of polymeric biomaterials in a variety of implantable prostheses for cardiovascular, orthopedic, ophthalmologic, and dental applications. 

The main problems so far found for the practical applications of the prosthetic heart valves in cardiovascular surgery seem to be related to the short life exhibited by the biological valves and to the unsatisfactory hemodynamic behaviour and thrombogenic properties shown by the mechanical ones. In attempt to alleviate the above problems, a study has been undertaken to design a new type of prosthetic leaflet heart valve entirely manufactured in polymeric materials. ... 

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