Cardiac anatomy

Anderson RH, Razavi R, Taylor AM. Cardiac anatomy revisited. J Anat 2004 205(3) 159-77. 

Fixation by vascular perfusion ensures rapid access and even distribution of fixative in the tissue. It is usually performed via the heart, i.e., as a transcardial perfusion, under deep anesthesia. Details of this procedure depend on the species (e.g., cardiac anatomy, body temperature, optimal anesthetic), and it is outside the scope of this chapter to treat this issue in detail. For most invertebrate preparations, vascular perfusion is not necessary, or is even impossible to perform. 

Intracardiac echocardiography is emerging as an ideal real-time modality to guide intracardiac interventional procedures. ICE allows accurate appreciation of cardiac anatomy and detailed visualization of specific anatomic structures, the most important factors in planning and guiding catheter-based interventional techniques [15-17]. In our daily practice, ICE is performed using a commercially available 9-F/9 MHz ultra-ICE catheter-based ultrasound transducer (EP Technologies, Boston Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA). The Ultra ICE catheter is introduced percutaneously into the... 

A complete understanding of the gross and radiographic cardiac anatomy is essential for successful cardiac resynchronization. Appreciation of the right atrial anatomy is necessary for coronary sinus cannulation. It is also important to understand that the right atrial and coronary sinus anatomy can be quite... 

Fig. 4. 96 Right anterior oblique (RAO) (panel A) and left anterior oblique (LAO) (panel B) sections of the male heart obtained from the EPFL s visible human surface server, EPFL 1998. Panel A shows the inferior caval vein (ICV), the inferior isthmus (CTI), the supraventricular crest (SVC), the aorta (Ao), and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). The white dot signals the site corresponding to the membranous septum or the maximal His-Bundle potential is usually recorded. In the LAO projection, the right atrial appendage (RAA) and the right and left atria at the level of the atrial ventricular junction s are depicted. The white dot also signals the area were the his bundle is recorded. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is superior, (from Farre J, Anderson RH, Cabrera JA, et al Fluorscopic cardiac anatomy for catheter ablation of tachycardia. PACE 25 88, 2002)...

Fig. 4.97 Axial section of the heart obtained from the visible human surface server. Right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) and left atrial appendage (LAA). PACE 25 88, 2002. (from Farre J, Anderson RH, Cabrera JA, et al Fluorscopic cardiac anatomy for catheter ablation of tachycardia. PACE 25 88, 2002)...

Niazi 1. Power Point presentation on Cardiac anatomy St Paul MN Guidant 2002. 

Farre 1. Anderson RH, Cabrera JA, et al. Fluoroscopic cardiac anatomy for catheter ablation of tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2002 25 76. 

Figure 18.1 Mouse images obtained with micro-CT (left) and micro-PET (right). Images were fused to combine anatomic and molecular information (middle). Arrows point to normal cardiac anatomy (left) and physiologic myocardial glucose metabolic activity (middle and right).

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