Digitalis lanata cardenolides from

Framm, J.J., Peterson, A., Thoeringer, C., Rangert, A., Homung, E., Feussner, 1., Luckner, M. and Lindemann, P. (2000) Cloning and functional expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA encoding cardenolide 16-O-glucohydrolase from Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Plant Cell Physiol, 41,1293-8. 

Homberger, M., Boettigheimer, U., Hillier-Kaiser, A. and Kreis, W. (2000) Purification and characterisation of the cardenolide-specific p-glucohydrolase CGH It from Digitalis lanata leaves. Plant Phi/siol. Biochem., 38, 929-36. 

Schoninger, R., Lindemann, P, Grimm, R., Eckerskom, C. and Luckner, M. (1998) Purification of the cardenolide 16-O-glucohydrolase from Digitalis lanata EHRH. 

Sources of these drugs include white and purple foxglove Digitalis lanata and D purpurea) and numerous other temperate zone and tropical plants. Certain toads have skin glands capable of elaborating bufadienolides, which differ only slightly from the cardenolides. 

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