Carboxylic amination

In turn the oxazoline-containing polymer may then react very rapidly (e.g. at 240°C) with such groups as carboxyls, amines, phenols, anhydrides or epoxides, which may be present in other polymers. This reaction will link the two polymers by a rearrangement reaction similar to that involved in a rearrangement polymerisation without the evolution of water or any gaseous condensation products (Figure 7.14). 

The functional groups that typically participate in this type of polymerization are carboxyl, amine, and alcohol groups. Examples of step growth polymers include polyesters and nylons, which are often spun into fibers used to manufacture carpeting and fabrics, and polycarbonates, which are converted into compact discs, jewel cases, and the large bottles used in water coolers. 

The following protocols may be used to create carboxyl-, amine-, or hydrazide-containing derivatives of dextran. 

Copolymers of ethyl acrylate with methacrylate and small amounts of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, or amide comonomers are used to prepare high quality latex points for wood, wall board and masonry in homes. 

Finally, the alcoholysis (RSiOH + HSiR ) catalyzed by metal carboxylate, amine or quaternary ammonium was patented by Gornowicz [149]. Various thermoplastics such as PA, PP, SBS and PE were described in the different examples. 

Intermolecular Nucleophilic Substitution with Heteroatom Nucleophiles. A patent issued in 1965 claims substitution for fluoride on fluorobenzene-Cr(CO)3 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by a long list of nucleophiles including alkoxides (from simple alcohols, cholesterol, ethylene glycol, pinacol, and dihydroxyacetone), carboxylates, amines, and carbanions (from triphenyhnethane, indene, cyclohexanone, acetone, cyclopentadiene, phenylacetylene, acetic acid, and propiolic acid). In the reaction of methoxide with halobenzene-Cr(CO)3, the fluorobenzene complex is ca. 2000 times more reactive than the chlorobenzene complex. The difference is taken as evidence for a rate-limiting attack on the arene ligand followed by fast loss of halide the concentration of the cyclohexadienyl anion complex does not build up. In the reaction of fluorobenzene-Cr(CO)3 with amine nucleophiles, the coordinated aniline product appears rapidly at 25 °C, and a carefiil mechanistic study suggests that the loss of halide is now rate limiting. 

M.Y. Galperin and E.V. Koonin. 1997. A diverse superfamily of enzymes with ATP-dependent carboxylate-amine/thiol ligase activity Protein Sci. 6 2639-2643. (PubMed)... 

Pyridine-2-carboxylic amines, acids, phenols, diols, etc. 408 135 211... 

Noh Ncooh Nnh2 Nc=o Noch3 Nsh Nh2c= Nbenz - ) whose entries represent the number of oxhydryl, carboxylic, aminic, carbonylic, meth-oxy, thio, methylene, and phenyl functional groups, respectively. 

Ualporin, M. V.. and Koonin, li. V. 1907. A diverse superfamily of enzymes with A l H dependent carboxylate-amine/thiol lipase activity. Protein Set. 6 2639 2643. 

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