Carboxylic acid derivatives Nucleophilic substitution, acyl

CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES NUCLEOPHILIC ACYL SUBSTITUTION [Pg.774]

These classes of compounds are classified as carboxylic acid derivatives. All may be converted to carboxylic acids by hydrolysis. [Pg.774]

The hydrolysis of a carboxylic acid derivative is but one example of a nucleophilic acyl substitution. Nucleophilic acyl substitutions connect the various classes of carboxylic acid derivatives, with a reaction of one class often serving as preparation of another. These reactions provide the basis for a large number of functional group transformations both in synthetic organic chemistry and in biological chemistry. [Pg.775]

Also included in this chapter is a discussion of the chemistry of nitriles, compounds of the type RC=N. Nitriles may be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids or to amides and, so, are indirectly related to the other functional groups presented here. [Pg.775]

With the exception of nitriles (RC N), all carboxylic acid derivatives consist of an acyl O [Pg.775]

12 Reaction of Esters with Grignard Reagents Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols 836 [Pg.812]

13 Reaction of Esters with Lithium Aluminum Hydride 838 [Pg.812]

1 Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of an Acyl Chloride via a Tetrahedral Intermediate 822 [Pg.812]

Carboxylic acid Acyl chloride Acid anhydride [Pg.813]

All have an acyl group RC— bonded to an electronegative element and have nucleophilic acyl substitution as their characteristic reaction type. [Pg.813]

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