Carboxyfluorescein fluorescent probe

It is administered to strengthen the unspecific immune system. Furthermore, TP-5 has been studied for possible application in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other immunodeficiencies. Recently, C-terminally 5-carboxyfluorescein-labeled TP-5 has been described as a fluorescent probe for the thymopoietin receptor [G. Goldstein, T. K. Audhya, Surv. Immunol. Res. 1985, Suppl. 1, 1 S. Onoue etal.. Anal. Sci. 2006, 22, 1531]. 

Onoue, S. liu, B. Nemoto, Y. Hirose, M. Yajima, T. Chemical synthesis and application of C-terminally 5-carboxyfluorescein-labeled thymopentin as a fluorescent probe for thymopoietin receptor. Anal. Sci. 2006,22,1531-1535. 

Breeuwer, R Drocourt, J. Romhouts, F. M. Abee, T. A novel method for continuous determination of the intracellular pH in bacteria with the internally conjugated fluorescent probe 5 (and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996, 62,178-183. 

Probes can be differently labeled with hapten labels, for example carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM), digoxigenin (DIG) and biotin can be bound to LNA oligos. The choice of probe label depends on experimental design and the techniques available in the laboratory. The hapten label provides a template for crucial signal amplification since the FITC label on the oligo itself is not sufficient to allow detection in standard epifluorescence. In this study, the fluorescence signal was obtained with the TSA-FITC substrate, which allowed detection of miR-21 and miR-205. 

Liposomes applied on the skin were also investigated for their delivery proprieties to the pilosebaceous units [15,23 28]. The in vitro skin penetration behavior of carboxyfluorescein incorporated in multilamellar liposomes (phosphatidylcholine cholesterol phosphatidylser-ine) and in another four nonliposomal systems (HEPES pH 7.4 buffer 5% propylene glycol 10% ethanol and 0.05% sodium lauryl sulfate) was studied by Lieb et al. [25]. Using two fluorescent techniques the authors found a higher accumulation of the probe within skin follicles when delivered from liposomes [25], Further, in an interesting setup of in vitro and in vivo experiments in mice, Hoffman s group observed liposomal delivery of the active Lac-Z gene and its expression mostly in the hair follicles [26,28]. 

Hester, F.D., Linquist, H.D.A., Bobst, A.M., and Schaffer, F.W. 2000. Fluorescent in situ detection of Encephalitozoon hellem spores with a 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled ribosomal RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 47, 299-308. 

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