Carboxamides monomers

Acrylamide, C H NO, is an interesting difiinctional monomer containing a reactive electron-deficient double bond and an amide group, and it undergoes reactions typical of those two functionalities. It exhibits both weak acidic and basic properties. The electron withdrawing carboxamide group activates the double bond, which consequendy reacts readily with nucleophilic reagents, eg, by addition. 

It took more than 20 years for manufacturers to devise production and distribution networks for delivering consistently high-quality gels to customers. The problems that the companies faced stem from the limited shelf life of polyacrylamide gels. Because polyacrylamide gels hydrolyze over time as shown in Figure 8.2, they are inherently unstable. At basic pH, the pendant, neutral carboxamide groups (-CO-NH of the acrylamide monomers hydrolyze to ionized carboxyl... 

Synonyms AAM Acrylamide monomer Acrylic acid amide Acrylic amide AI3-04119 Amresco acryl-40 BRN 0605349 CCRiS 7 EiNECS 201473-7 Ethylene carboxamide NSC 7785 Optimum Propenamide 2-Propenamide Propenoic acid amide RCRA waste number U007 UN 2074 Vinyl amide. 

During polymerization, acrylamide and bisacrylamide monomers couple together across their double bonds. Linear chains of polyacrylamide form with bisacrylamide molecules cross-linking adjacent chains. The pendant carboxamide groups (-CO-NH2) from the acrylamide monomer are subject to hydrolysis to carboxyls ( COO ) as gels age.42 Only freshly made gels should be used in most IEF work. 

Synonyms and trade names propenamide, acrylic amide, acrylagel thylene-carboxamide, amresco acryl-40, optimum Use and exposure Acrylamide is an organic solid of white, odorless, flakelike crystals. The crystalline monomer is a colorless-to-white, free-flowing crystal that is very soluble in water, alcohol, and ether and insoluble in... 

The reaction is a sequential Michael addition of an organosilicon compound to a,P-unsaturated esters, ketones, rritriles, and carboxamides. Chain propagation proceeds by transfer of the silyl group from the silyl ketene acetal catalyst to the monomer with the generation of a new ketene acetal, and if inadvertent termirration is avoided, repeated addition of the monomer leads to a living polymer. The typical reaction shown as follows rrses the catalyst l-methoxy-l-trimethylsiloxy-2-methyl prop-l-ene, but a cocatalyst is required, and this is either an anionic species or a Lewis acid. 

Polyamides are polymers with carboxamides groups (-NR-CO-, with R = H, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl) in the backbone chain. Homopolymers of polyamide-type can be divided into two groups polyamides of AA/BB-type and polyamides of AB-type. The different polyamides are characterized by the number of C-atoms in the monomer unit. 

Although most papers from the last decade focused on the synthesis of PNBE derivatives due to strong polymerizability of strained monomers, ROMP has also been successfully introduced to the synthesis of poly(cyclobutene carboxamide) (Figure 7.3c) as models for multivalent peptide-bearing polymers, in which structural ambiguities were minimized [37]. 

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