Carbonyl groups in lignin

Adler E, Marton J (1961) Carbonyl groups in lignin II Catalytic hydrogenation of model compounds containing aryl carbinol, aryl carbinol ether, ethylene and carbonyl groups Acta Chem Scand 15 357-369... 

Marton J, Adler E, Persson K-E (1961) Carbonyl groups in lignin IV Infrared absorption studies and examination of the volumetric borohydnde method Acta Chem scand 15 384-397... 

Occurrence, formation, structure and reactions. Wiley-Intcrscience, New York, 6.39-694 Marton J, Adler E (1961) Carbonyl groups in lignin. 111. Mild catalytic hydrogenation of Bjorkman lignin. Acta Chem Scand 15 370-387 Marton J, Adler E (1963) Reactions of lignin with methanolic hydrochloric acid. A discussion of some structural questions. Tappi 46 92-98... 

J Marton and E Adler. Carbonyl Groups in Lignin III. Mild Catalytic Hydrogenation of Bjorkman Lignin. Acto Chem. Scand. 15 370-383, 1961. 

GF Zakis, AA MeUds, and BY Nieberte. Methods for Determination of Quinone Carbonyl Groups in Lignins. Khim. Drev. 82-86, 1987. 

SeviUano, R. M., Mortha, G., Froment, R, Lachenal, D., and Barrelle, M., F NMR spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of carbonyl groups in lignin, 4th European Workshop Lignocellulosicsa and Pulp, Stresa, Italy, 292 (1996). 

Ahvazi, B., and Argyropoulos, D. S., F Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the elucidation of carbonyl groups in lignins Part I Model compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem. 44(8), 2167-2175 (1996). 

Carbonyl Compounds Peracetic acid attacks a-carbonyl groups in lignin model compounds [75,78,82-86]. The reaction occurs readily according to a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Nimz and Schwind [78] obtained significant yields of hydroquinone... 

S. Hosoya, J. Nakano, Reactions of alpha-carbonyl group in lignin during alkahne hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 26 (2) 97-101, 1980. 

To take advantage of l9F NMR, carbonyl groups including quinones have been derivatized by reaction with trifluoromethyltrimethyl-silane in the presence of tetramethylammonium fluoride followed by hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl ethers (Ahvasi et al. 1999). The method was applied to analysis of the various carbonyl groups in lignin. 

Ahvazi, B.C., C. Crestini, and D.S. Argyropoulos. 1999. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the quantitative detection and classification of carbonyl groups in lignin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 190-201. 

Some examples of different types of chemical reactions may be used as illustration. Most of these are dependent on reaction between the analyte and carbonyl groups in lignin. 

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