Carbon tetrachloride, CCI

FIGURE 1 7 Contri bution of individual bond dipole moments to the mo lecular dipole moments of (a) carbon tetrachloride (CCy and (b) dichloro methane (CH2CI2)... 

Both water and carbon tetrachloride (CCI ) are tetrahedral structures. Unlike water, carbon tetrachloride does not have any unbonded electron pairs. 

In addition to the use of chlorine as an antiseptic for swimming pools and drinking water, large amounts are used during industrial processes that produce paper, plastics, textiles, dyes, medicines, insecticides, solvents, and some paints. Following are some of the more important compounds of chlorine used in industries hydrochloric acid (HCl + H O), table salt (NaCl), chloroform (CHCL ), carbon tetrachloride (CCy, magnesium chloride (MgCl ), chlorine dioxide (CIO ), potassium chloride (KCl), and lithium chloride (LiCl). 

Sanzgiri UY, Muralidhara S, Bruckner JV. 1992. Correlation of tissue distribution and hapatoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCI) following ingestion. Toxicologist 12 423. 

FIGURE 5.14 Solubilities, (a) Polar water, with a bit of nonpolar iodine (l ) dissolved in it, floats on top of nonpolar carbon tetrachloride (CCI ), with which it is immiscible, (b) Nonpolar iodine is much more soluble in nonpolar carbon tetrachloride than in water. Therefore, shaking the mixture in (a) causes the iodine molecules to migrate into the carbon tetrachloride, where they produce a purple color. 

In addition, acetylene is prepared by passing methane through an electric arc. When methane is made to react with chlorine (gas), various chloromethanes are produced chloromethaue (CH3CI), dichloromethane (CH2CI2), chloroform (CHCI3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCy. However, the use of these chemicals, however, is declining—acetylene may be replaced by less costly substitutes— and the chloromethanes are used less often because of health and environmental concerns. 

Sample Problem E A solution of iodine, I2, in carbon tetrachloride, CCI, is used when iodine is needed for certain chemical tests. Howmuch iodine must he added to prepare a 0.480 m solution of iodine in CCI4 if 100.0 g of CCI4 is used ... 

Most organic solvents are nonpolar, so they are immiscible with water. However, most organic solvents are miscible with each other. An example of a nonpolar organic solvent is carbon tetrachloride (CCy. We said that oil and water don t mix. Oil and carbon tetrachloride, however, do mix—they are completely miscible. London forces are at work here. 

Which compound is more polar, methylene chloride (CH Cy or carbon tetrachloride (CCy ... 

The same relation of reactivity and stability to periodic position is exhibited by such other carbon halides as hexachloroethane CCh CCU and hexabrumoclhane. Brj CBr.i. as well as by hexachloroethylene. CCU -CCI and Itexabromoethylene, CBr = CBr . Carbon also forms halides containing more than one halogen, See also Carbon Tetrachloride. 

CHgCL is the compound methylene chloride, CHCI3 is chloroform, and CCI j is carbon tetrachloride these substances are useful solvents.)... 

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