Carbon speciation total alkalinity

Vertical concentration profiles of (a) temperature, (b) potential density, (c) salinity, (d) O2, (e) % saturation of O2, (f) bicarbonate and TDIC, (g) carbonate alkalinity and total alkalinity, (h) pH, (i) carbonate, ( ) carbon dioxide and carbonic acid concentrations, and (k) carbonate-to-bicarbonate ion concentration ratio. Curves labeled f,p have been corrected for the effects of in-situ temperature and pressure on equilibrium speciation. Curves labeled t, 1 atm have been corrected for the in-situ temperature effect, but not for that caused by pressure. Data from 50°27.5 N, 176°13.8 W in the North Pacific Ocean on June 1966. Source From Culberson, C., and R. M. Pytkowicz (1968). Limnology and Oceanography, 13, 403-417. 

In the first set of experiments of Andrew 2a di. ( ), for example, pH, hardness and total alkalinity are held constant while copper is added to solutions with fixed added amo mts of NaHCO, or Na HPO., or Na.Pp0 , in addition to copper added to the bacK-ground, with no sdbsex of experiments including more than six cases. In our speciation calculations related to tills set of nineteen experiments, some twenty-five complexes of copper including three with carbonate, two with phosphate, six with hydroxide, and six with pyrophosphate are involved. 

The aim of this chapter is to describe both the high precision methods for the determination of total alkalinity At (potentiometric titration) and total dissolved inorganic carbon Ct (coulometry) that are the methods of choice today, and also a simpler method for total alkalinity (back titration) which does not require sophisticated computerised equipment. Thermodynamic calculations of carbonate speciation are also covered. 

Finally, models were calculated which predict the variations in chemical speciation of copper resulting from changes in the chemical parameters pH, carbonate alkalinity, concentration of dissolved organic matter, and concentration of total dissolved copper. 

Chemical Speciation Models. Using the stability constants derived by us for copper complexes with hydroxo and carbonate ligands (Table I) and for natural organic ligands (Table II), the Newport and Neuse Rivers were modeled for copper speciation as a function of pH, total copper, carbonate alkalinity and total dissolved organic matter. Speciation models were calculated from the equation ... 

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