Carbon=nitrogen bond addition

Addition Reactions with Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds Addition Reactions with Formation of Carbon-Sulfiir or Carbon-Selenium Bonds Addition Reactions with Formation of Carbon-Halogen Bonds Cleavage Reactions... 

Reactions of Alkynyl Amines In 2004, Shimada et al. reported that platinum-catalyzed intramolecular carbon-nitrogen bond addition reaction, called... 

Additions Forming Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds by L. G. Sprague... 

Other examples of addition reactions that form carbon-nitrogen bonds are the reactions of hexafluoro-2-butyne with various heterocydes [77], aromatic... 

Lipases are the enzymes for which a number of examples of a promiscuous activity have been reported. Thus, in addition to their original activity comprising hydrolysis of lipids and, generally, catalysis of the hydrolysis or formation of carboxylic esters [107], lipases have been found to catalyze not only the carbon-nitrogen bond hydrolysis/formation (in this case, acting as proteases) but also the carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The first example of a lipase-catalyzed Michael addition to 2-(trifluoromethyl)propenoic acid was described as early as in 1986 [108]. Michael addition of secondary amines to acrylonitrile is up to 100-fold faster in the presence of various preparations of the hpase from Candida antariica (CAL-B) than in the absence of a biocatalyst (Scheme 5.20) [109]. 

Transition metal complex-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen bond formations have been developed as fundamentally important reactions. This chapter highlights the allylic amination and its asymmetric version as well as all other possible aminations such as crosscoupling reactions, oxidative addition-/3-elimination, and hydroamination, except for nitrene reactions. This chapter has been organized according to the different types of reactions and references to literature from 1993 to 2004 have been used. 

This enhanced reactivity of fluoromethyl cyanide is undoubtedly due to the inductive effect of the fluorine atom which produces an electron deficit on the carbon atom linked to the nitrogen, and presumably increases still further the polarity of the carbon-nitrogen bond, so that the electron displacements can be pictured as (IX). The increased polarity of the carbon-nitrogen bond will obviously facilitate polar addition of hydrogen chloride and alcohols (or phenols). 

The stability of polynitroaliphatic compounds to acids, bases and nucleophiles is often linked to the presence of an acidic o -proton(s) which may allow various resonance structures to lead to rearrangement or decomposition. Additionally, the presence of two or more nitro groups on the same carbon atom greatly increases the susceptibility of the carbon-nitrogen bonds to nucleophilic attack. 

Iodinated contrast agents with polyhydroxylated carbon side-chains contain a number of asymmetric carbon atoms yielding numerous optical isomers which relate to each other as enantiomers or diastereoisomers. Sterically hindered non-asymmetric carbon or nitrogen atoms might result in additional asymmetry centres while the partial double bond character of the acyl-carbon-nitrogen bond of amide functions can lead to cisitrans isomerism. Such isomers are labelled rotamers when heating in solution is able to modify their ratio. Isomerism of iodixanol has been described by Priebe et al. [122], Fossheim et al. [123] and by Molander et al. [115]. 

Carbon-nitrogen bond formation, by reductive amination, 59, 1 Carbon-phosphorus bond formation, 36, 2 Carbonyl compounds, addition of... 

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