Carbon nanotube toxicity

Simon-Deckers, A. et al. (2008) In vitro investigation of oxide nanoparticle and carbon nanotube toxicity and intracellular accumulation in A549 human pneumocytes. Toxicology, 253 (1-3), 137-146. 

Kostarelos, K. (2008) The long and short of carbon nanotube toxicity. Nature Biotechnology, 26 (7), 774-776. 

Lam CW, James JT, McCluskey R, Arepalli S, Hunter RL (2006) A review of carbon nanotube toxicity and assessment of potential occupational and environmental health risks. Crit Rev Toxicol 36 189-217. 

Another concern for in vivo use of carbon nanotube-based sensors is their toxicity. Even carbon nanotube toxicity has not yet been fully characterized many present studies find that CNTs aggregate together, generally in the liver, spleen, and lung tissue. CNT aggregates might have similar carcinogenic properties to asbestos fibers. ... 

Only a few in vivo dermal toxicity studies have been reported so far. Huczko and Lange [50] evaluated the potential of raw CNTs to induce skin irritation by conducting two routine dermatological tests (patch test on 40 volunteers with allergy susceptibilities and Draize rabbit eye test on four albino rabbits). Koyama etal. [51] showed the biological responses to four different types of carbon nanotubes (SWNTs, two types of MWNTs with different diameters, and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes) after their subcutaneous implantation in mice. Both tests [50, 51] showed no or poor irritation effects. However, the in vitro studies in epidermal cell lines exposed to CNTs, and also a more recent report on the toxic outcomes of topical exposure of mice to SWNTs [46], have raised concerns over these assessments. Clearly, this is an area requiring further scientific evaluation. 

Table 7.2 Summary of in vitro toxicity outcomes after exposure to CNTs. The term CNTs indicates that the material was not identified as single- (SWNTs) or multi-walled (MWNTs) carbon nanotubes. Percentage of catalytically active transition metals in the CNTs is reported when indicated by the authors. 

Casey, A. et al. (2007) Probing the interaction of single walled carbon nanotubes within cell culture medium as a precursor to toxicity testing. Carbon,... 

Alpatova, A.L. et al. (2010) Single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in aqueous media via noncovalent functionalization effect of dispersant on the stability, cytotoxicity, and epigenetic toxicity of nanotube suspensions. Water Research, 44 (2), 505-520. 

Mutlu, G.M. et al. (2010) Biocompatible nanoscale dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes minimizes in vivo pulmonary toxicity. Nano Letters, 10 (5), 1664-1670. 

Murray, A.R. et al. (2009) Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in dermal toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicology, 257 (3), 161—171. 

Shen, M.W. et al. (2009) Polyethyleneimine-mediated functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes synthesis, characterization, and in vitro toxicity assay. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113 (8), 3150-3156. 

Davoren, M. et al. (2007) In vitro toxicity evaluation of single walled carbon nanotubes on human A549 lung cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 21 (3), 438-448. 

Muller, J. et al. (2005) Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,... 

Fenoglio, I. et al. (2008) Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes physicochemical aspects. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21 (9), 1690-1697. 

Muller, J., Huaux, F. and Lison, D. (2006) Respiratory toxicity of carbon nanotubes how worried should we be Carbon,... 

Ma-Hock, L. et al. (2009) Inhalation toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes in rats exposed for 3 months. Toxicological Sciences, 112 (2), 468-481. 

Shvedova, A.A. et al. (2009) Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes two faces of Janus Pharmacology Therapeutics, 121 (2), 192-204. 

Cheng, C. et al. (2009) Toxicity and imaging of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in human macrophage cells. Biomaterials, 30 (25), 4152-4160. 

Tutak, W. et al. (2009) Toxicity induced enhanced extracellular matrix productionin osteoblastic cells cultured on single-walled carbon nanotube networks. Nanotechnology, 20 (25). 255101. 

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