Carbon nanotube-nanoparticle conjugates

The effect of temperature on fluorescence has been studied, as has the effect of salt concentration and water-soluble conjugated polymers. A method for the quantification of ssDNA dsDNA is described, as well as kinetics of mismatch hybridization and the kinetics of collision in short ss-nucleic acids. Fluorescence quenching of Cy-5 labelled oligonucleotides by poly(phenylene ethynylene) particles has been shown to be a more sensitive method than excitation of the Cy-5 fluorophore. An ultrasensitive method for the detection of DNA uses highly fluorescent conjugated nanoparticles, and detection limits below IfM were achieved. DNA transport through a carbon nanotube has also been observed using fluorescence microscopy. " ... 

Keywords Solar cells, organic photovoltaics (OPVs), quantum confinement effect (QCE), conjugated polymers, nanocomposites, blends, quantum dots (QDs), nanocrystals, nanorods, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, nanoparticles, alternating copolymers, block copolymers, exdton diffusion length, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, photoconversion efficiency, in-situ polymerization... 

Oligonucleotides have frequently been used in the eonstruction of nanodevices where they are used as a means of detection, as electrical wires or as a scaffold (see also section on nanodevices in section 3.5). A real-time DNA detection method using ssDNA-modified nanoparticles and micropatterned chemoresponsive diffraction gratings has been reported that allows hybridisation detection of 40-900 femtomoles of surface-bound DNA. ° Carbon nanotubes are widely used for the construction of nanodevices, and DNA-functionalised carbon surfaces and nanotubes have been reported as platforms for electrochemical detection of hybridisation.PNA-modified carbon nanotubes have similarly been used for the detection of hybridisation with DNA. DNA conjugated to carbon and other solid surfaces may additionally be used as molecular wires,and carbon-modified nanotubes have been developed that act as a field-effect transistor. 

Chauke VP, Anmnes E, Nyokong T (2011) Comparative behavior of conjugates of tantalum phthalocyanines with gold nanoparticles or single walled carbon nanotubes towards bisphenol A electrocatalysis. J Electroanal Chem 661 1-7... 

Different technologies and methods based on cholinesterases have been developed for low cost and fast detection of anti-ChEs with high sensitivity, accuracy and storage stability (Periasamy et al., 2009). These include a novel development of cholinesterases conjugated to nanomaterial-based sensors. In such systems, the cholinesterases are conjugated to nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metallic nanoparticles (NPs), or semiconductor NPs, which enable the use of their unique properties, in the nano regime, to achieve the requirements from satisfactory sensors. 

The results lead to creating innovative conjugates of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, which are expected to be applicable to nanoelectronics and biomedical nanotechnology. 

---