Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke

Hartridge, H. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke J. Physiol., Proc. Physiol. Soc. Mtg. 53 (1920) 82-83. Hartung, H.A. and L.L. Steward Puff-by-puff delivery equations for tar, nicotine and water 27th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 27, Paper No. 20, 1973, p. 13. 

Hukusima, Y Tobacco constituents. III. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke. I. Method of its measurement ... 

Krause, O. Kohlenmonoxid im Tabakrauch [Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke] Dingler s Polytech. J. 213 (1874)495 97. 

Kruszynski, A.J. and A. Henriksen Die quantitative Bestimmung von Kohlenmonoxid im Tabakrauch [The quantitative determination of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke] Beitr. Tabakforsch. 5 (1969) 9-12. Kubota, H., M.R. Guerin, and J.A. Carter Inorganic analytical methods of tobacco smoke analysis A comparative smdy 26th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 26, Paper No. 23, 1972, p. 35. 

Wahl, F. Kohlenmonoxid imTabakrauch [Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke] Arch. Gesammte Physiol. Mensch. Tiere 28 (1899) 262-285. 

BeUi, R. and V. Giuliani Carbon monoxide poisoning, carbon monoxide from tobacco smoking in the blood, and chronic carbon monoxide absorption Polio Med. 38 (1955) 351-358. 

Wenusch, A. and R. SchoUer Tiber den Nachweis von Nebenalkaloiden im Tabak und Tabakrauch. Teil I [The detection of minor alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Part I] Fachhche Mitt. Osterr. Tabakregie 1935(1) 11. Wenusch, A. and R. SchoUer Tiber den Nachweis von Nebenalkaloiden im Tabak und Tabakrauch. TeU II [The detection of minor alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Part n] Fachhche Mitt. Osterr. Tabakregie 1935(3) 2-7. Wenusch, A. and R. Scholler Carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke causes no rise in blood pressure Med. Klin. 31 (1935)554. 

Carbon monoxide A poisonous gas found in tobacco smoke and a causative factor in the cardiovascular damage arising through smoking. Carbon monoxide has also been found to function as a gaseous neuromodulator in the brain. 

These studies suggest that there are substance(s) in tobacco smoke, as yet unidentified, that inhibit the metabolism of nicotine. Because nicotine and cotinine are metabolized by the same enzyme, the possibility that cotinine might be responsible for the slowed metabolism of nicotine in smokers was examined. In a study in which nonsmokers received an intravenous infusion of nicotine with and without pretreatment with high doses of cotinine, there was no effect of cotinine on the clearance of nicotine (Zevin et al. 1997). Also, carbon monoxide at levels and in patterns similar to those experienced during smoking had no effect on nicotine and cotinine clearance (Benowitz and Jacob 2000). 

Smoking tobacco causes damage to endothelial cells due to free radicals present in tobacco smoke. It is estimated that each puff of a cigarette produces lO " free radicals. In addition, the resultant lack of oxygen causes damage or death to neurones, and nicotine and carbon monoxide, both present in tobacco smoke, cause an increase in blood pressure. 

One of the most common airborne suspensions known to affect the respiratory system adversely is tobacco smoke. The chemicals in tobacco smoke include a number of carcinogens, including nicotine and some of its derivatives, as well as poisonous gases including carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. 

Smoking kills because of the smoker s chronic exposure to carbon monoxide, tar, and nicotine in tobacco smoke. 

Leikola, E. and E. Rautavaara Der Anteil des Kohlenmonoxid an der durch des Tabakrauchen verursa-chten Blutsdrucksteigerung [The importance of carbon monoxide in the increase in blood pressure caused by tobacco smoking] Acta Soc. Med. Finn. Duodecrm. 16 (1934) 3-25. 

Marcelet, H. On the determination of carbon monoxide, particularly in tobacco smoke Pharmacy Thesis No. 

Mikami, Y, N. Naito, and Y. Kaburaki Effects of some factors on carbon monoxide concentration in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette Sci. Papers, Cent. Res. Inst., Japan Monopoly Corp. 113 (1971) 99-105. Mikami, Y., Y. Saido, and Y. Kaburaki Analytical methods of chemical components in tobacco smoke. VI. Determination of ammonia in tobacco smoke by gas chromatography Sci. Papers, Cent. Res. Inst., Japan Monopoly Corp. 109 (1967) 139-142. 

Watanabe, M. and Y. Kobashi Analytical methods for chemical components in tobacco smoke. I. Determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in cigarette... 

FAS is normally characterized by growth retardation, anomalies of the head and face, and psychomotor dysfunctions. Excessive consumption of ethyl alcohol may lead to malformations of the heart, extremities, and kidneys. Since consumption of ethyl alcohol is socially acceptable and prevalent even in pregnant women, the risks associated with the use of ethyl alcohol are remarkable. However, it should be kept in mind that there are several chemical compounds in tlie occupational environment that may also cause malformations even at low doses. The oc-cupationally-important known human teratogens include methyl mercury, ethyl alcohol, PCB compounds, tobacco smoke, lead, TCDD, 2,4,5- F, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, gasoline, and fluoride. 

True. Nicotine, carbon monoxide and other harmful chemicals from the burning tobacco travel in the mother s bloodstream and can reach the foetus. This can result in impaired development and reduced birth weight. Tobacco smoke can also be harmful to young children and babies (sudden infant death syndrome). 

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