Carbon isotopes fractionation during photosynthesis

Early reviews by O Leary (1981) and Farquhar et al. (1989) have provided the biochemical background of carbon isotope fractionations during photosynthesis, with more recent accounts by Hayes (2001) and Freeman (2001). 

Park R, Epstein S (1960) Carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 21 110-126... 

Vogel J. C. (1993) Variability of carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. In Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon Water Relations (eds. J. R. Ehleringer, A. E. Hall, and G. D. Farquhar). Academic Press, pp. 29-46. 

Stable isotopes studies. Numerous researchers have taken advantage of the difference in carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis of plants with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways as a natural tracer to study soil carbon dynamics (Balesdent et al., 1987). If a C3 forest is converted to a C4 pasture or C4 agricultural field, the whole soil carbon turnover time (t) can be calculated as... 

Fig. 6.20 Estimated carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis (broken line) and derived atmospheric 02/C02 ratio (solid line) in comparison with mass-balance model of atmospheric 02/C02 ratio (half-tone band) spanning the Carboniferous-Permian glaciation (after Beerling et al. 2002).

Oxburgh ER, Andrews-Speed CP (1981) Temperature, thermal gradients and heat flow in the southwestern North Sea. In Illing LV, Hobson GD (ed) Petroleum geology of the continental shelf of the north-west Europe. Heyden and Son, London, pp 141-151 Park R (i960) Carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta 21(1-2)... 

Park R. and Epstein S. (1963) Carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 21, 110-115. 

Hollander, D. J. J. A. MacKenzie, 1991. CO2 control on carbon-isotope fractionation during aqueous photosynthesis A paleo-/>C02 barometer. Geology 19 929-932. 

Descolas-Gros C, Fontugne M (1990) Stable carbon isotope fractionation by marine phytoplankton during photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environment 13 207-218... 

Carbon isotopes are strongly fractionated during photosynthesis of green plants which are depleted in C and have negative 8 C values ranging from -22%o... 

Fractionation of the carbon isotopes in nature entails small systematic errors in radiocarbon dates that can be eliminated when the isotopic composition of stable carbon to be dated can be assessed using a mass spectrometer. The value is expressed as 3 C%o. Such fractionation during photosynthesis alters the abundances of the stable isotopes and from those prevailing in the atmosphere and plants usually become enriched in and depleted both in and... 

Vogel, J.C. 1980 Fractionation of the Carbon Isotopes During Photosynthesis. New York, Springer. 

Vogel J. C. (1980) Fractionation of the carbon isotopes during photosynthesis. In Sitzungsberichte der Heidelber-ger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Natur-wissenschaftUche Klasse Jahrgang 1980. 3. Abhandlung Springer, pp. 111-135. 

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