Carbon for electrical double-layer capacitors

Lin, R., Taberna, P.L., Chmiola, J., Guay, D., Gogotsi, Y., Simon, P. Microelectrode study of pore size, ion size and solvent effects on the charge/discharge behavior of microporous carbons for electrical double layer capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 156(1), 2009 A7-A12. 

Porous carbons for electric double-layer capacitors... 

Chiba, K., T. Ueda, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Oki, F. Saiki, and K. Naoi. 2011. Electrolyte systems for high withstand voltage and durability II. Alkylated cyclic carbonates for electric double-layer capacitors. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 158 A1320-A1327. 

Nambu, N., R. Takahashi, M. Takehara, M. Ue, and Y. Sasaki. 2013. Electrolytic characteristics of fluoroethylene carbonate for electric double-layer capacitors at high concentrations of electrolyte. Electrochemistry 81 817—819. 

Tanahashi, 1., Yoshida, A. and Nishino, A., Electrochemical characterization of activated carbon fiber cloth polarizable electrodes for electric double layer capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990, 137(10), 3052 3056. 

Porous carbons are among the most attractive electrode materials for electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), where the charge accumulation occurs mainly by electrostatic attraction forces at the clcctrode/electrolyte interface [1-3]. Advantages of this class of materials include high surface... 

Double-layer effects are significant in cases where the reactions happen within a short time frame for example, the carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors employ a carbon cloth loaded with nickel particles as the catalyst. Under these circumstances, the equation for the electrode potential is modified to include the transient effects as follows ... 

A large variety of metal-containing carbon gels have already been prepared and characterized, including Na-, K-, Mg-, Zr-, Cr-, Mo-, W-, Mn-, Fe-, Ru-, Co-, Ni-, Pd-, Pt-, Cu-, Ag- Ce-, and Eu-containing carbon aerogels and xero-gels. The objective of these studies was to characterize these materials for then-use as supported catalysts, electrodes for electrical double-layer capacitors, and adsorbents in aqueous solutions. 

Wei, L., and G. Yushin. 2012. Nanostructured activated carbons from natural precursors for electrical double layer capacitors. Nano Energy 1 552-565. 

Toyoda, M., Y. Tani, and Y. Soneda. 2004. Exfoliated carbon fibers as an electrode for electric double layer capacitors in a 1 mol/dm H2SO4 electrolyte. Carbon... 

He, X. J., Y. J. Geng, J. S. Qiu, M. D. Zheng, S. A. Long, and X. Y. Zhang. 2010. Effect of activation time on the properties of activated carbons prepared by microwave-assisted activation for electric double layer capacitors. Carbon 48 1662-1669. 

Yamazaki, S., K. Obata, Y. Okuhama, Y. Matsuda, and M. Ishikawa. 2007. Activated carbon/DNA composite electrodes for electric double layer capacitors with neutral aqueous electrolytes. Electrochemistry 75 592-594. 

Nanbu, N., K. Suzuki, N. Yagi et al. 2007. Use of fluoroethylene carbonate as solvent for electric double-layer capacitors. Electrochemistry 75 607-610. 

Janes, A., and E. Lust. 2005. Organic carbonate-organic ester-based non-aqueous electrolytes for electrical double layer capacitors. Electrochemistry Communications 7 510-514. 

Nagao, Y, Y. Nakayama, H. Oda, and M. Ishikawa. 2007. Activation of an ionic liquid electrolyte for electric double layer capacitors by addition of BaTiOj to carbon electrodes. Journal of Power Sources 166 595-598. 

Carbons and Electrolytes for Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors... 

Morita M, Watanabe S, Ishikawa M, Tamai H, Yasuda H (2001) Utilization of activated carbon fiber with mesopore structure for electric double layer capacitors. Electrochemistry 69 462-466... 

Dangler, C. et al. 2011. Role of conducting carbon in electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors. Materials Letters, 65, 300-303. 

Janes, A., Kurig, H., Thomherg, T., and Lust, E. Advanced nanostructured carbon materials for electrical double layer capacitors, in Furwtional Materials and Nanotechnologies Fm Nt-2007, vol. 93. (eds. A. Sternberg and I. Muzikante), Riga, Latvia 2007. 

Yoon et al. (2004) Catalytically grown carbon nanofibers (CNF) were activated with KOH. The structural changes of CNFs were investigated using SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRD. The observed increase in surface area in KOH activation of CNF is ascribed to local broadening of graphene interstices or local bum-off of graphene layers. Activation under severe conditions destroyed the fiber structure of CNF. Activated CNFs were applied as an electrode for electrical double layer capacitors to be compared to active carbon fibers in terms of the surface properties. 

These porous carbons, referred to as MgO-templated carbons, have been applied in various areas such as electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors [88], as absorbents for gasoline, and as anodes for lithium ion batteries. The application of these MgO-templated porous carbons has been reviewed elsewhere in Japanese [89]. 

Morishita T, Soneda Y, Tsumura T, Inagaki M (2006) Preparation of porous carbons from thermoplastic precursors and their performance for electric double layer capacitors. Carbon... 

H. Tamai, M. Kouzu, M. Morita and H. Yasuda, Highly mesoporous carbon electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 6, 2003, A214-A217. 

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