Carbon elemental halogens

Diorgano tellurium compounds are easily oxidized by elemental halogens to diorgano tellurium dihalides. Generally, the reactions are carried out with solutions of the reagents in inert organic solvents such as diethyl ether, methanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, fluorotrichloromethane, benzene, or toluene. Often, the diorgano tellurium dihalides precipitate quantitatively from the reaction mixture. Soluble products are isolated by evaporation of the solvent or by addition of petroleum ether or hexane. 

Tellurium-carbon bond cleavage was also observed when bis[trifluoromethyl] tellurium dihalides9 and dibenzyl tellurium dihalides10 were exposed to elemental halogens. 

Covalent hahdes can be prepared by various synthetic routes. The simplest are direct reactions of elemental halogens (equation 9), or hydrogen halides with elements (equation 10) or oxides (equation 11). In other processes, the oxides are reacted with a halogen halide in the presence of carbon to combine with the oxygen (equation 12) or other reactive carbon-halides (equation 13). Exchange of halogens can also take place (equations 14 16). Anhydrous halides can also be obtained by dehydration of metal halide hydrates, using reactants such as thionyl halide, which react with the hydrated water (equation 17). 

ICP-OES atomic/ionic spectral lines must be within the range 160 - 800 nm. Gaseous elements, halogens, and carbon are not determined. There are poor detection limits for biologically important elements (As, Se, Pb, Th, etc.) in the radial viewing spectrometers. 

F) Detection of Elements in an Unknown Substance. Hand a clean test tube to the instructor. The tube should have a label on the upper part. Enough material will be supplied for all tests, but do not waste it. Proceed in accordance with directions to test for carbon, hydrogen, halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur. When the tests are finished, complete the report and hand it to the instructor. 

---