Carbon Bearing Minerals

Elsenheimer DW (1988) Petrologic and Stable Isotopic Characteristics of Graphite and Other Carbon-bearing Minerals in Sri Lankan Granrrhtes. MS Thesis, University of Wisconsirt, Madison... 

Later volcanic/hydrothermal base metal-containing quartz-carbonate bearing Type IV veins are recognized as thin veinlets with bright yellow CL color. These are likely related to epizonal mineralization during the emplacement of middle Devonian felsic intmsions. 

Suzuoki T, Epstein S (1976) Hydrogen isotope fractionation between OH-bearing minerals and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40 1229-1240 Swart PK, Bums SJ, Leder 11 (1991) Eractionation of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in carbon dioxide during the reaction of caldte with phosphoric acid as a function of temperature and technique. Chem Geol 86 89-96... 

Pyrite is not the only Fe2+-bearing mineral that undergoes oxidative weathering when coalbearing strata are exposed to the atmosphere through mining. The Fe-rich carbonate minerals... 

The apatite group minerals are the most abundant phosphorus-bearing minerals on Earth, typically as accessory minerals in basic to acidic igneous rocks, pegmatites, hydrothermal veins and cavities, carbonates, contact and regionally metamorphosed rocks, and sedimentary rocks (Deer et al. 1996). The principal members of the apatite group include fluoroapa-tite (Ca5(P04)3F), chloroapatite (Ca5(P04)3Cl), hydroxyapatite, and carbonate apatite (Ca5(P04, C03)3(F,0H)) (Deer et al. 1996). 

R. Leboda, B. Charmas, S. Chodorowski, J. Skubiszewska-Zifba, and V. M. Gun ko, Improved carbon-mineral adsorbents derived from cross-linking carbon-bearing residues in spent palygorskite, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 87, 207-216 (2006). 

Carbon monoxide is the second most abundant carbon-bearing gas in Venus atmosphere. The CO abundance in Venus lower atmosphere is altitude dependent and decreases toward the surface as follows 45 lOppmv (—64 km), 30 18 ppmv (42 km), 20 3 ppmv (22 km), and 17 1 ppmv (12 km). This gradient is consistent with photochemical production of CO from CO2 in Venus upper atmosphere and CO consumption by thermochemical reactions with sulfur gases in Venus lower atmosphere and with minerals at its surface. Carbon monoxide is also photo-oxidized back to CO2 via catalytic cycles that are described in Section 1.19.3.3. 

Ionov D. A., O Reilly S. Y., Genshaft Y. S., and Kopylova M. G. (1996) Carbonate-bearing mantle peridotite xenoUths from Spitsbergen phase relationships, mineral compositions and trace-element residence. Contrih. Mineral. Petrol. 125, 375-392. 

The evolution of the isotopic compositions of carbon-bearing substances in uncontaminated systems where carbon is derived from carbonate minerals and soil CO2 is bounded between two limiting cases (i) open systems, where carbonate reacts with water in contact with a gas phase having a constant Pco, and (ii) closed systems, where the water is isolated from the CO2 reservoir before carbonate dissolution (Deines et al., 1974 Clark and Fritz, 1997). Both of the extremes assume water residence times long enough for significant isotope exchange between the gas and the aqueous phase to take place. 

The different iron-bearing minerals detected in coal by using Mossbauer spectroscopy are classified below according to their major groups, i.e., sulfides, clays, carbonates, and sulfates. 

The alkali-bearing minerals found in the blast furnace include kalio-philite-nepheline, leucite, plagioclase, and alkali carbonates [40-44], Kaliophilite was the dominant reaction product on the inside surface of the lining and in the joints between brick. The formation of this compound is accompanied by about a 45% volume increase. No kaliophilite, however, formed in the interior of the brick except in the carbon-disintegration zones. 

Van Vlack [42] observed that the bosh region contained alkalies in excess of the requirements of kaliophilite and nepheline. This excess did not result in the formation of alumino-silicate or silicate minerals of higher alkali content but was present as alkali carbonates. The carbonates formed toward the end of the furnace campaign from the free alkali deposited in the bosh lining. For the particular furnace examined, Van Vlack determined that alkali-bearing minerals were present only where porosity and proximity of the surface permitted expansion. Therefore, the presence of alkalies did not prove seriously detrimental in the bosh and... 

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