Carbon acid mining lakes

Chabbi, A. (1999) Juncus bulbosus as a pioneer species in acidic lignite mining lakes interactions, mechanism and survival strategies. NewPhytol. 144 133-142 Chabbi, A. Hines, M.E. Rumpel, C. (2001) The role of organic carbon excretion by bulbous rush roots and its turnover and utilization by bacteria under iron plaques in extremely acid sediments. Environ. Experimental Botany 46 237-245... 

As mentioned earlier, pH changes occur from pollution stresses such as acid rain or mine runoff of from geochemical reactions such as dissolution of calcium carbonate. In acidified regions, species diversity and population density drop dramatically with some lakes and streams becoming devoid of life. Changes in metal complexes occur both naturally and biologically, with direct and indirect effects on ligand concentration and complex stability. 

The citrate process was developed specifically for the removal of sulfur dioxide from smelter gases by the Salt Lake City Metallurgy Researdi Cmiter of the U.S. Bureau of Mines (Rosenbaum et al., 1973). The absorbent is an aqueous solution containing tqiproximately 190 g of citric acid and 80 g of sodium carbonate per liter, and is capable of absorbing 10 to 20 g of sulfur dioxide per liter. 

---