Carbohydrates histochemistry

Gargiulo, A.M. Pedini, V. and Ceccarelli, P. (1989) Histology, ultrastructure and carbohydrate histochemistry of pig carpal glands. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 18, 289-296. 

A more critical approach to histochemical problems was heralded by the publication of Lison s Histochemie Animale in 1936 (55). Some of Lison s original studies dealt with the meaning of metachromasia, the effects of fixatives on glycogen, and other topics of carbohydrate histochemistry. Other milestones in histochemistry were the alkaline phosphatase method of Gomori (57) and the periodic acid - Schiff method for carbohydrates developed by McManus (55), Lillie 59), and Hotchkiss (50). The technical performance and fruitful results of these two methods did much to show the possibilities of histochemistry in histology and pathology. 

Sorrell, J.M., and B. Caterson. 1990. Monoclonal antibodies specific for keratan sulfate detect epithelial-associated carbohydrates. Histochemistry 94 269-275. 

Pope et al. (1991) applied chemical-shift-selective imaging at microscopic resolution of various plant materials, including dried and undried fruits of fennel, to the study of selective imaging of aromatics and carbohydrates, water and oil. The non-invasive nature of the method gives it advantages over established methods of plant histochemistry, which involve sectioning and staining to reveal different chemical constituents. 

B12. Bocek, M., Histochemistry of carbohydrates in muscle affected by poliomyelitis. Acta Histochem. 8, 43-49 (1959). 

The noninvasive nature of NMR spectroscopy combined with the chemical specificity of the NMR method provides direct access to the distribution of various chemical constituents for the histochemistry of plant materials in situ NMR spectroscopy can be used to identify the major constituents, and chemical-.shift imaging can be used to spatially localize them. The latter can be applied to localize aromatics, carbohydrates, as well as water and fat or oil in plant samples. The suitability of many fresh fruits and living plants to be studied by NMR imaging results in a variety of applications in agriculture and food science [Mcc I, Mcc2]. 

Enzyme-lectin histochemistry has many features in common with EIH. Lectins are of non-immune origin but recognize fine differences in complex saccharide structures. Usually lectin specificity is expressed as reactivity to a given monosaccharide, but it has been demonstrated repeatedly (e.g.. Debray et al., 1981) that this is an oversimplification (Section 3.4). It is becoming increasingly clear that cellular differentiation, maturation and neoplastic transformation are associated with changes of carbohydrate composition of the cell membrane (Ponder, 1983). 

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