Carbohydrates conjugation using

The following method for carbohydrate conjugation to dendrimers may be used to couple a variety of reducing sugars to amine-dendrimers, including saccharides, longer-chain carbohydrates, and even complex glycans after release from a protein (see Chapter 1, Section 4.6). 

This chapter describes the design, preparation, and use of hapten-carrier conjugates used to elicit an immune response toward a coupled hapten. The chemical reactions discussed for these conjugations are useful for coupling peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, oligonucleotides, and other small organic molecules to various carrier macromolecules. The resultant conjugates are important in antibody production, immune response research, and in the creation of vaccines. 

Several combinatorial approaches for the synthesis of glyco-amino acids have been developed, due to the complexity of carbohydrate conjugates. The synthetic challenge is to get access to these building blocks by automated synthesis in order to generate glycopeptides library, to fully understand their biological roles and to widen their use in medicinal chemistry. 

Another method of seemingly general applicability to carbohydrates was used by Coat et al. to conjugate uridine to proteins. The isopropyli-dine derivative was allowed to react withp-nitrobenzoyl chloride to yield the 5 ester. Removal of the isopropylidine protecting group and hydrogenation of the nitro group made it possible to link the uridine derivative to the protein by a diazotization reaction. 

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