Carbohydrate generic formula

Starches are polysaccharides that have the generic formula (QHioOsJn. They are reserve sources of carbohydrate in some biomass, and are also made up of D-glucose units as shown by the results of hydrolysis experiments. But in contrast to the structure of cellulose, the hexose units are linked as in maltose, or glucose-a-glucoside (Fig. 3.6), as indicated by the results of partial hydrolysis. Another difference between celluloses and starches is that the latter can... 

The early phase of SBS is associated with large day-to-day variations in fluid and electrolyte losses. Strict output records should be assessed, as well as all intake including intravenous medications. Initially, it is recommended to start a standard PN solution that meets the patient s maintenance metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte needs, and a separate intravenous replacement solution is typically necessary to keep the patient euvolemic based on actual fluid losses. Insensible losses should be estimated between 300 and 800 mL/day above measured output, and daily urine output should be kept at least 1 L. As fluid and electrolyte losses stabilize over time it becomes possible to incorporate these replacement requirements into the PN solution. The PN solution typically is composed of standard crystalline amino acids, glucose, and intravenous lipids. A generic caloric breakdown for SBS patients based on a need of 30 to 40 kcaV kg per day may be 1.5 g/kg of protein per day, approximately 20% to 30% of calories from intravenous lipids, and the remainder of calories from carbohydrates. An example of a PN formula for the patient with SBS is given in Table 139-2. 

Carbinols - An obsolete term for substituted methanols, in which the name carbinol is synonymous with methanol. [5] Carbohydrates - Originally, compounds such as aldoses and ketoses, having the stoichiometric formula C IH O) (hence hydrates of carbon ). The generic term carbohydrate now includes mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides, as well as their reaction products and derivatives. [5]... 

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